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Such collectors are characterized by a hydrophilic group usually composed of divalent sulfur atoms inside the molecule, while the hydrophobic group has a small molecular weight, has a collecting effect on sulfide minerals, and has no collecting effect on gangue minerals such as quartz and calcite . It mainly represents xanthate, black medicine, amino thioformate, thiol, thiourea and their corresponding esters.
Xanthate (sodium xanthate) is an anionic collector with good harvesting properties. The chemical name is hydrocarbyl dithiocarbonate, the formula is ROCSSMe, the density is 1.3-1.7g/ml, the content of sodium butyl xanthate is above ≥84.5%, and the second grade is above ≥82%. Containing 0.5% or less of free base. Xanthate is a combination of alcohol, sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. It is a light yellow powder, easily soluble in water, has a pungent odor, and has certain toxicity. There are about 11 types of xanthate, and the more commonly used are ethyl xanthate and butyl xanthate. It is customary to call a xanthate with a carbon number less than or equal to 2 in a hydrocarbon group as a "low-grade xanthate"; a xanthate having a carbon number of 2 or more is called a "high-grade xanthate".
Xanthogen is weak acid, easy to decompose, the lower the PH value, the faster the decomposition; the yellow drug is easily decomposed by heat, and the higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition; the xanthate itself is a reducing agent and is easily oxidized.
Xanthate flotation sulfide minerals (e.g., brass ore, galena, sphalerite, etc.) The most common collector. Usually low-grade xanthate is suitable for the collection of easy-to-float sulfide ore. Advanced xanthate is suitable for the recovery of less difficult to sulphide ore and partial oxidized ore. Ethyl xanthate is a low-grade xanthate. Its selectivity is good, which is conducive to improving the concentrate grade. , but the recovery is relatively worse than the control, butyl xanthate are advanced xanthate help improve metal recoveries, but because of its strong ability collector, his selective on some relatively weak, and sometimes may affect the concentrate grade. In order to adapt to the non-uniformity of the mineral surface and improve its selectivity, it is often used in combination with different lengths of carbon chain, which can receive better results.
Xanthate ions can form poorly soluble compounds with many heavy metals and precious metal ions. The order of insoluble metal metal xanthate produced by various metals and xanthate is roughly arranged in the order of volume, such as mercury , gold, bismuth , antimony , copper, lead, cobalt , nickel, etc. (the solubility products are less than 10 -10) ), zinc, iron , manganese, etc. (solubility product is less than 10 -2 ). This property can be used to roughly estimate the order in which xanthate captures heavy metals and precious metal sulfide minerals. The more difficult it is to dissolve a metal xanthate, the more easily the corresponding sulfide mineral is absorbed by the xanthate.
When flotation of non-ferrous metal sulfide ore, xanthate is generally used at 50-100 g/t. When treating copper oxide or lead ore, such as white lead ore, malachite, xanthate can be consumed up to 1 kg/t.
Because of the easy hydrolysis, decomposition and oxidation of xanthate, in order to prevent deterioration and failure of xanthate, the measures to be taken for storage and use are: should be stored in a closed container to avoid contact with air and water; should be stored in a dry, cool and ventilated place ; to prevent heat, pay attention to fire; should be used with the system at the time of use, the storage tank should be covered.
Xanthate ester has high flotation copper property for flotation of copper, zinc, molybdenum and other sulfide ore, precipitated copper and isolated copper, and is a highly selective collector. Often used in combination with water-soluble collectors, commonly used xanthate esters: acetonitrile. Butyl yellow nitrile ester. It can be used as a copper, lead, zinc and molybdenum sulfide ore collector. It has a weak ability to collect pyrite and is better mixed with xanthate.
Aerofloat chemical name is "dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate salts"; the formula (RO) 2PSSH (Me); grade black powder is added to the formulation according to the number P 2 S 5 content named. 15% or 25% are called 15#, 25# black medicine. Commonly used cresol black medicine and butyl ammonium black medicine: cresol black medicine is a dark green oily liquid, slightly soluble in water, specific gravity 1.1, has an unpleasant smell, is corrosive, will burn the skin, has a certain Foaming ability, so often used in the ball mill ; butyl ammonium black drug is dibutyl dithiophosphate (C 4 H 9 ) 2 PSSNH 4 is a dark white powder, soluble in water, non-corrosive and large The unpleasant smell, stable in nature, not prone to deterioration.
Black medicine is also a major collector of sulfide ore. The flotation properties of black medicine and xanthate are similar, but they are weaker than the yellow medicine. However, the selectivity is better; the black medicine has poor catching of pyrite and has foaming properties; the black medicine is mostly used for flotation of polymetallic ore such as copper sulfide ore, lead-zinc and copper-zinc containing pyrite, due to black The medicine has foaming properties, and the dosage should not be too large when used, generally 25-100 g/t.
The content of ethylsulfide nitrogen (aminodithioformate) is 95% or more, and is a compound in which diethylamine (or dibutylamine) is reacted with carbon disulfide or sodium hydroxide. Ethylsulfide is a white powder. Due to the small amount of xanthate produced during the reaction, industrial products are often pale yellow. Soluble in water, easy to decompose in acidic medium. Ethyl sulfide can also form precipitates with heavy metals, and the ability to capture is called strong yellow medicine. It has strong ability to capture lead ore and chalcopyrite. It has weak ability to collect pyrite, has good selectivity, and has a fast flotation speed. It has less dosage than xanthate, and it has strong resistance to sulfide ore. Collective. When it is used for the separation of copper-lead sulfide ore, it can obtain better sorting effect than xanthate.
Thioester type collector thiamine ester widely used at home and abroad, xanthan molecule is an alkyl substituted hydrocarbon group, polar nonionic type collector. The main application is ethionamide, which is synthesized from monochloroacid, isoproterenol and ethylamine, and is an amber oil-soluble liquid slightly soluble in water. Add it directly to the agitation tank or flotation machine at the time of use. It is a good performance sulfide ore collector, with a small amount of use, and has a strong effect on chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite and activated sphalerite. It is not a fumed iron ore, a selective collector for sorting sulfide ore such as copper, lead and zinc, which can reduce the amount of lime used to inhibit pyrite. In an overseas sulfide flotation, which alternate with xanthate, in particular copper sulfide flotation beneficiation plant, such as the United States Code agent Z-200, is O- -N- isopropyl-ethylthio carbamoyl by Acid ester.
Mercaptans (benzothiazole thiol) are yellow powders, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The sodium salt is called cappex and is soluble in water. It is used for flotation of siderite, without pre-vulcanization, and the results are similar to those of the xanthate-sodium sulfide method. The collection of lead oxide ore is strong. When flotation of sulfide ore, the other party's lead ore is the strongest, and the zinc-mining capacity is poor, and the chalcopyrite is the weakest.
Imidazole thiol is a white solid powder, hardly soluble in water, and is soluble in hot alkali (sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, etc.) and hot acetic acid. Used for flotation of copper oxide ore (mainly copper silicate and copper carbonate) and refractory copper oxide ore.
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