Phosphate ore dressing equipment

1. Development and improvement of mineral processing equipment

The large-scale and optimization of the flotation machine poses a challenge to the flow field research of the flotation machine. Shen Zhengchang et al. used the CFD method to study the internal flow field characteristics of large flotation machines and revealed the flotation dynamics characteristics of large flotation machines. The numerical simulation of single-phase (water), gas-liquid two-phase, gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid flow state was carried out for the 600 m3 flotation machine. The CFD simulation study shows that the flow field of the 600 m3 flotation machine has obvious up and down circulation, the gas distribution is reasonable, the air dispersion is good, the solid phase mixing and mixing are uniform, and there is no deposition problem, which satisfies the process requirements of flotation.

The 2 million t/a medium and low grade phosphate rock ore dressing plant built in 2008 in Haikou Phosphate Mine uses the conventional KYF/XCF-50 flotation machine. After more than 3 years of commissioning production, the flotation machine is in the process of foaming, aeration and agitation. There are some defects in other aspects. Wei Rui introduced the transformation for these aspects. The refined ore yield and recovery rate of the flotation machine after the transformation was significantly increased, and a good transformation effect was achieved.

Liu Zhineng et al. studied the special design principles of KYF phosphate rock flotation machine for the characteristics of phosphate ore beneficiation, focused on the working principle of KYF phosphate mine flotation machine and the design basis of main components, and adopted CFD technology for KYF phosphate rock. The simulation was carried out using the fluid dynamics of the flotation machine. The KYF phosphate mine flotation machine has successfully solved the problems of small amount of aerobics, large amount of foam, foamy and difficult to be broken and transported in the phosphate rock sorting at home and abroad, and realized the suspension of the slurry at the same time with small inflation and low rotation speed. Phosphate ore selection requirements. The CFD fluid dynamics simulation further proves that the KYF phosphate rock flotation machine is designed reasonably and can meet the design requirements.

Sun Huafeng introduced the research, application and improvement of heavy medium cyclone for sorting phosphate rock; analyzed the problems in production application; proposed corresponding solutions; discussed the heavy medium cyclone for sorting phosphate rock And the development direction of the corresponding sorting process.

Through the research and improvement of the structure and process parameters of the cyclone, Shao Tao developed a heavy medium cyclone for the separation of phosphate rock. The two-stage structure is adopted, and the effective separation of high-density phosphate ore is realized by adjusting the cone ratio of the heavy medium cyclone, the installation angle, and changing the length of the cyclone from the cylindrical shape to a certain angle. The Fluent numerical simulation software was used to compare the new heavy-duty cyclone heavy-duty cyclone with the traditional heavy-duty cyclone, and the sorting process and application of the new phosphate rock cyclone were introduced.

Cui Yan studied the application of KYC flotation column liquid level measuring device. Comparing the measurement results of IFM diaphragm pressure sensor, laser level gauge and ultrasonic level gauge, it was found that the performance indexes of pressure sensor are the best. The stability of the liquid level control can be greatly improved, and the pressure sensor has good stability when measuring the liquid level of the flotation column and realizes automatic control of the liquid level measurement.

Chen Xiang et al. disclose a multi-stage screening device for phosphate rock (see Figure 1-1). The outlet of the feed hopper is provided with a first plane sieve, and the upper outlet of the sieve of the first plane sieve passes through the guide rail and the first A belt conveying device is connected, a first gate valve is arranged at the lower screen outlet of the first plane screen, and a second plane screen is connected to the screen upper outlet of the first plane screen below the first gate valve, and the second plane screen The upper screen outlet is connected to the second belt conveying device through the flow guiding track, the second screen valve is disposed at the lower screen outlet of the second plane screen, and the lower screen outlet of the second plane screen is connected below the second gate valve. There is a drum screen, and the coarse material outlet of the drum screen is connected to the second belt conveying device through the flow guiding track, and the fine material outlet of the drum screen is connected to the third belt conveying device through the guiding track. The first gate valve and the second gate valve can select the number of stages to be sorted and the location of the sorted materials according to the actual conditions of the mined ore.

Figure 1-1     Phosphate ore multi-stage screening device

Li Shaowu introduced the working principle, process flow of HTG ceramic filter and the problems and improvement measures in the application of phosphate pulp dewatering. The production operation proves that the ceramic filter has high vacuum degree, low moisture content of the filter cake and high output. It is a high-efficiency, environmentally-friendly and energy-saving solid-liquid separation equipment suitable for wet grinding of phosphate rock powder.

CJZJ-56 automatic filter single filter plate area 2.56 m2, single filtration area 56 m2, of copper ore has been in Sichuan, La, Ag Gacun metal ore SCIENCE Dongshengmiao zinc concentrate and other small mine Tajikistan Has been successfully applied. The application practice proves that the CJZJ-56 automatic filter press can effectively treat the viscous hard-filtered concentrate, and the filter cake moisture is significantly lower than the vacuum filter and the plate and frame filter press. However, when a phosphate rock mine in Guizhou used this type of filter press to dewater the tailings, it was found that the automatic filter press had insufficient seal of the filter press, large consumption of wearing parts such as rubber diaphragm and filter cloth, and small processing capacity. There is a second increase in moisture, which eventually leads to the tailings moisture not meeting the process requirements. In order to solve the problems of the above high-efficiency filter press in industrial applications, Liu Zhengxi and others have carried out a large technical transformation of the CJZJ automatic filter press by studying the high-efficiency dehydration process, filter plate sealing structure and wearing parts. The frequency conversion technology adjusts the grouting pressure curve of the slurry pump, increases the area of ​​the slurry (wind) port, changes the convergence mode of the catchment (wind), changes the press medium, and changes the high pressure water to high pressure wind. The modified automatic filter press can continuously and continuously filter the extremely fine and sticky materials such as phosphorus tailings, and the moisture can be controlled within the range of process specifications.

2. Application research of mineral processing equipment

As one of the main equipments of the concentrating plant, the flotation equipment directly affects the technical and economic indicators of mineral processing . In recent years, the flotation machine selection technology can not meet the development requirements of large-scale flotation machine technology, which restricts the progress of large-scale flotation machine engineering. The traditional selection method does not fully consider the influence of the fluid dynamics characteristics such as the Reynolds number, the inflation rate test and the rotational speed of the test flotation machine on the selection of the flotation machine. Shi Shuaixing and other characteristics of large flotation machine combined with the characteristics of large flotation machine to illustrate several problems in the selection process of large flotation machine, pointed out that the development of a small experimental flotation machine with the same industrial application flotation machine model, and the use of this type of floating The machine is selected for small-scale test or re-election test. While optimizing the process reagent conditions, the flotation machine operation parameter condition test is strengthened to provide accurate data support for large-scale flotation machine selection.

Flotation column is a kind of high-efficiency flotation equipment. Compared with trough flotation machine, it has the advantages of simple structure, small footprint, short manufacturing cycle and low energy consumption. Teresa et al. used a laboratory-type cyclone-static microbubble flotation column to study the column-positive flotation process of a refractory silica-calcium phosphate rock in southwestern China. XM-10 is used as positive float collector , water glass is used as silicate mineral inhibitor and pulp dispersant, sulfur-phosphorus mixed acid is used as phosphorus mineral inhibitor, and PA-64 is used as carbonate mineral collector. The influence of grinding fineness, dosage and other factors on the flotation index. The results show that the flotation index of concentrate P2O5 grade 29.92%, MgO mass fraction 0.73% and phosphorus recovery rate 85.97% can be obtained by using the cyclone-static microbubble flotation column forward and reverse flotation process, which simplifies the flotation of colloidal phosphate rock. Process flow.

Cao Yijun et al. conducted a study on the column double reverse flotation process using a cyclone-static microbubble flotation column for the difficult selection of siliceous calcium phosphate rock in southwestern China. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid were used as phosphorus mineral inhibitors, fatty acid agent PA-64 was used as carbonate mineral collector, and amine agent GE-601 was used as silicate mineral collector. Grinding fineness and dosage were investigated. The influence of factors such as the working pressure of the circulating pump on the flotation index. The results show that the flotation-static microbubble flotation column double reverse flotation process can obtain the flotation index of concentrate P2O5 grade 30.49 %, MgO mass fraction 0.73 % and phosphorus recovery rate 81.03%, simplifying the phosphate rock. Flotation process.

Wang Dapeng et al. analyzed the properties of a medium-low-grade colloidal phosphate ore in southwest China, and proposed the use of high-efficiency fine-grain sorting equipment for cyclone-static microbubble flotation column for sorting research; using on-site production chemicals to investigate the treatment volume, The effects of factors such as the pharmaceutical system, circulating pump working pressure, and aeration amount on the flotation index, and optimization of the process and operating parameters, on the basis of the re-election test. The research results show that the process of using one coarse and one fine single-reverse flotation can obtain the grade of P2O5 of concentrate is 30.01%, and the recovery rate of concentrate is 89.10%. The research of this technology provides a new way for the sorting of medium and low grade phosphate rock in China.

Xia Jingyuan et al. carried out research on the ore dressing process of low-grade phosphate ore flotation column, and expanded the (1 t/d) continuous flotation test of Yunnan Kunyang phosphate rock flotation column and the expansion of the flotation column of Hedong Phosphorus Mine in Dongchuan, Yunnan. (1 t/d) continuous flotation test, Yunnan (Kunyang, Jinning) mixed ore low-grade phosphate rock flotation column expansion continuous flotation test and other series of research results, confirmed the column flotation ratio trough The advantages selected in the phosphate rock selection provide a theoretical basis for the application of the flotation column in the phosphate ore dressing plant.

Qing Li et al. used the FCSMC flotation column to conduct semi-industrial tests on medium and low grade phosphate rock. The equipment performance and main operating parameters of column flotation were explored. The application of FCSMC flotation column was promoted. Certain guiding significance.

Wang Dapeng and other flotation semi-industrial tests were carried out at a phosphate ore ore dressing plant in Yunnan using a flotation column. Under the process of a reverse flotation process, the P2O5 grade of the concentrate was 31.09% and the recovery rate was 93.27%. The good indicator, compared with the flotation machine production index in the same period, the P2O5 recovery rate increased by 7.43 percentage points when the ore grade and concentrate grade were basically the same.

Li Yaoji et al. combined with the research results of column flotation industrialization application of low-grade phosphate ore beneficiation of Kunyang Phosphate Mine in Yunnan Phosphate Group, expounded the deficiency and technical improvement practice of flotation column applied in phosphate rock ore dressing, and the equipment Application of Yunnan Phosphate Group's 4.5 million t/a flotation process.

Longhua et al. introduced a new beneficiation unit of a large-scale phosphorus chemical company in Chongqing. The flotation column was used in the flotation process of the reverse flotation process. The flotation column is a series of large-scale cyclone-static microbubble flotation columns developed by China University of Mining and Technology. It includes one φ2.0 m×6.0 m model for FCMC-2000 and one φ3.0 m×6.0 m model for FCMC-3000 flotation column. The rough-selected tailings are classified by a cyclone classifier. The tailings with particles larger than 74 μm enter the mill and are ground again. Then, together with the part with particles less than 74 μm, they enter the agitation tank, and the flotation reagent and waste acid in the agitation tank. After the water is thoroughly mixed, it enters the flotation column for sweeping. Compared with the original full-tank flotation unit, the P2O5 mass fraction in the tailings is reduced by at least 2 percentage points, which increases the phosphorus yield and increases the economic benefits. The beneficiation device has the advantages of simple structure, large processing capacity, small floor space, low investment, low energy consumption, low operating cost, high flotation efficiency, simple process and easy automation.

Qi Zhengguang and others believe that the use and integration of advanced technologies to innovate phosphate ore dressing equipment and processes is an effective way to reduce the cost of mineral processing. The main bearing of the ball mill adopts rolling bearing. The small and medium ball mill can save 15%~30%, the large ball mill can save 10%~15%, and the equipment operation rate can be increased by 5%~15%. The ball mill adopts an intelligent control system, which can reduce the mechanical and electrical consumption of the ball mill by more than 5%. The use of an electronic water processor to effectively utilize low-level heat energy and the use of hot water instead of steam for beneficiation operations can achieve significant energy savings. Flotation column can replace the flotation machine, which can achieve good results in saving investment, saving energy and reducing consumption, and significantly reducing the cost of mineral processing. The integration of international and domestic advanced technologies, transformation and innovation of processes and equipment is of great significance for the development of low-grade phosphate ore beneficiation technology.

Wei Rui studied the adaptability of KYF/XCF-50 flotation machine in Haikou Phosphorus Mine, and modified the mixing, aeration, scraper and other components of the flotation machine. The modified flotation machine application The effect is better, the grade and recovery rate of phosphate concentrate has been improved. From the perspective of equipment, the research explores ways to improve the index, which provides new enlightenment for similar plants.

Wang Jinsheng introduced the election process three phosphorus product cyclone to gem Mountain Mining Co., heavy media separation, for example, in the process design incorporates the results of past experience, a good solution to the problems in the practice of the process to ensure that the The system is stable and efficient. The selection of phosphate rock has been fully considered in the equipment selection, and the equipment performance is excellent. At the same time, some unresolved issues have been proposed, which provide a direction for further research and exploration.

Wei Xiangsong and others introduced the heavy medium three-product cyclone through the technical transformation of Huaguoshu Mine, and selected it at the full-grain level without classification. At higher sorting density (2.88~2.90 g/cm3), the differential density was successfully realized. Separation of minerals. The cyclone has built-in high wear-resistant materials, which greatly reduces operating costs. The medium control, recovery and purification system has been improved, which effectively reduces the instability of medium pollution, density change and mine separation, and guarantees industrialized normal production.

In order to reduce the logistics cost of phosphate rock, the phosphate concentrate slurry is dehydrated by a ceramic filter. Tan Xuanhong introduced the structure and working principle of the ceramic filter, as well as the problems and rectification measures in the application of the phosphorus concentrate dehydration process. By rectifying the ceramic filtration system in terms of process and equipment, the w(H2O) in the dephosphorized phosphate concentrate reaches 12%, and the production capacity basically meets the design requirements.

Zhao Xiaolin introduced the working principle of TC series ceramic filter; described the structure of ceramic filter; studied the actual operation of ceramic filter in the dehydration of phosphate concentrate in Guizhou Chuanheng Chemical Co., Ltd., and the ceramic filter Compare with the performance of the belt filter. The results show that the ceramic filter has the advantages of high degree of automation, high vacuum, high production efficiency, low moisture content of the filter cake, remarkable energy saving, etc. The ceramic filter is used for dehydration of phosphate concentrate, and the moisture of the filter cake is stable at 10% ~ 13%. 10% lower than belt filter; ceramic filter is an ideal equipment for phosphorus concentrate dewatering equipment.

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