National Mine Environmental Protection and Governance Planning

First, the status quo and the situation

(1) Positive progress in mine environmental protection and governance

The status quo of major mine geological environment problems was initially identified. At the end of 2005, the survey of mine geological environment in the country was completed. A total of 113,149 mines were investigated, including 97,368 mines, 11,509 closed pit mines, 3,759 mines under construction, and 513 other mines. Through investigation, the status quo of mine geological environment in China was basically found out, and the main geological environment problems of the mine were preliminarily identified, including mining collapse (sink) subsidence, land subsidence, karst collapse, ground fissure, collapse, landslide, debris flow, land resources. Damage, landform landscape damage, vegetation resource destruction, soil erosion, land desertification, underground aquifer damage, mine water and soil pollution caused by mine “three wastes” emissions. According to statistics, the coal mine geological environment charcoal problem is most serious, the most prominent of which ground subsidence, collapse collapse area accounts for 97.43% of the total area. Metal mine annual output of solid waste, the total maximum cumulative amount, accounting for an annual output of the mining of solid waste by 48% and 52% of the total and cumulative total accumulation. The number of non-metallic mines is the largest, and the damage to the topography and landscape is the most serious.

The preliminary results of mine environmental management have been achieved. According to incomplete statistics, since 2000, the national funds for mine environmental management have reached 11 billion yuan, of which the central government has arranged expenditures of about 5 billion yuan, local finance and enterprises have raised nearly 6 billion yuan, and nearly 1,500 mines have been treated. The restored land area is about 49,700 hectares. Using mine geological relics, 11 mine parks have been built.

Significant progress has been made in the construction of the legal system for mine environmental protection. The Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Environmental Protection Administration jointly issued the “Guiding Opinions on Gradually Establishing Responsibility Mechanisms for Mine Environmental Management and Ecological Restoration”, and 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) implemented a mine environmental restoration and management guarantee system. In 2009, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the “Regulations on Environmental Protection of Mine Geology”, which clearly defined the planning, restoration, supervision, inspection and related legal responsibilities of mine environmental protection. The environmental protection and governance of mines were initially put into law and institutionalization. trail of. The supervision and management of the mine environment has been strengthened. The whole society has continuously enhanced the understanding of mine environmental protection and governance work, and the participation of the masses has been significantly improved.

(2) The situation of mine environmental protection and governance is still grim

The environmental problems in the mine are outstanding and the damage is serious. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2008, the land area occupied and destroyed by mining activities reached 3.325 million hectares, including 439,000 hectares of ground subsidence; the cumulative accumulation of solid waste was 35.33 billion tons; the discharge of mine waste water in 2008 4.89 billion tons. More than 5,000 mine geological disasters occurred between 2006 and 2008, causing direct economic losses of nearly 7 billion yuan.

There are many problems left over from history and it is difficult to manage. China's mine environmental protection work started late and the foundation is weak. Many mines in the history have left a large number of mine environmental problems, which have not been effectively treated and seriously damaged the environment. There are a lot of safety hazards. At present, there are still extensive wastes in the development and utilization of mineral resources. Some mines with small scale, backward technical facilities and unregulated management have low recovery rate and mineral processing recovery rate, frequent geological disasters, increased environmental pollution, and aggravation of mine environmental problems. .

The demand for mineral resources continues to grow, and the pressure on environmental protection in mines continues to increase. China's industrialization and urbanization are accelerating, and resource demand continues to grow. It is predicted that by 2020, coal consumption will more than 3.5 billion tons, 1.3 billion tons of iron ore, refined copper 730-760 tons of aluminum 1300-1400 tons. In the next 20-30 years, the exploration and development activities of domestic mineral resources will be more extensive, and the pressure on mine environmental protection and governance will also increase.

The construction of laws and regulations is lagging behind, and the basic support capacity is weak. At present, there is no independent, complete and targeted mine environmental protection laws and regulations. The problems of incomplete regulations, unsatisfactory system and inoperative mechanisms have not been fundamentally resolved. The supervision and management strength is weak, the investment in governance funds is insufficient, the investigation and monitoring work is lagging behind, and the technical support capacity is not strong.

The new situation urgently calls for accelerating the environmental protection and governance of mines. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have placed a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society in a prominent position in the industrialization and modernization development strategy. Doing a good job in mine environmental protection and governance is the fundamental requirement for implementing the scientific development concept and building a socialist harmonious society. The public environmental awareness has been gradually strengthened, providing a strong impetus for mine environmental protection and governance. Transforming the mode of economic growth and adjusting the structure of mineral resources development and utilization laid the foundation for comprehensively carrying out environmental protection and treatment of mines. The comprehensive national strength has provided more powerful material support and technical support for mine environmental protection and governance.

Second, guiding ideology, basic principles and planning objectives

(1) Guiding ideology

Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thinking of the 'Three Represents,' comprehensively implement the scientific development concept, conscientiously implement the basic national policy of environmental protection, and adhere to the requirements of building a resource-saving, environment-friendly and socialist harmonious society. The principle of “protecting development, protecting in development”, adhering to the principle of “who develops, who protects; who destroys, who governs”, perfects the system, strengthens supervision, and strictly protects to ensure that the mine environment does not owe new accounts; innovative mechanisms, plus Great investment, speed up the recovery of governance, and gradually repay the old account of the mine environment history. Efforts will be made to minimize the impact and destruction of mineral resources development and utilization on the environment, and promote the coordinated development of mineral resources development and utilization and mine environmental protection.

(2) Basic principles

Prevention is the main, prevention and treatment. Source prevention, process control, post-event evaluation, and strengthening environmental protection and governance throughout the development and utilization of mineral resources.

Treat them differently and implement responsibilities. According to the requirements of “Who develops who protects and who destroys who governs”, new mines (reconstruction, expansion) and other mines with clear responsibility are protected and restored by mining rights holders. The mines left over by history or responsible persons lose their mines and are restored by government investment.

Highlight key points and make progress. Strengthen the investigation, monitoring and supervision of mine environment in key areas, accelerate the implementation of restoration projects in key areas, and control environmental pollution and damage in mines. Accelerate the improvement of the system, strictly supervise management, strengthen technical support, innovate working mechanisms, and promote mine environmental protection and governance in a comprehensive and coordinated manner.

Rely on technology to improve the level. Actively carry out research on basic theories and technical methods of mine environmental protection and governance, promote the application of advanced, economical and practical mine environmental prevention and control technologies, and improve mine environmental protection and recovery capacity and level.

(3) Planning objectives

Establish a mine environmental protection technical support system, implement a number of key governance restoration projects, improve and perfect the mine environmental management system, strictly control the mine environment, effectively reduce the damage and impact of mineral resources development on the environment, and promote the overall improvement of the mine environment.

The geological environment of the mine was fully investigated. By 2015, completed a survey of 230,000 square kilometers of mine geological environment in the main mineral resources development zone; completed the investigation of geological environment problems of abandoned mines in the country. By 2020, complete the survey and assessment of all mine geological environment in the country.

The mine geological environment dynamic monitoring system was initially completed. By 2015, a three-level mine geological environment monitoring system for national, local and mining enterprises will be initially established, and the construction of a national-level mine geological environment monitoring demonstration zone will be completed, and a national-level mine geological environment monitoring network will be initially established. By 2020, the construction of a dynamic monitoring system for mine geological environment will be completed.

Mine environmental pollution is basically controlled. Strictly control the discharge of “three wastes” in mines and promote the harmless disposal and comprehensive utilization of mine waste. By 2015, the dust pollution source of the mine has been effectively controlled, and the air pollution situation has improved significantly; the utilization rate of coal gangue has reached more than 70%, the comprehensive utilization rate of other mining waste slag has reached more than 50%, and the utilization rate of mine wastewater has reached more than 90%; The pollution problem of the “three wastes” in the mine is basically solved.

The mine environment has improved significantly. Effectively control mine geological disasters, comprehensively control mine environmental pollution and damage, and historically left mine environmental problems are gradually being treated. By 2015, the environmental problems of new construction and production mines have been effectively controlled, and the historical rate of mine environmental problems has reached 35%. By 2020, the environmental conditions of the mine will be fundamentally reversed, and the quality of the mine environment will be greatly improved.

The level of mine environmental management has improved significantly. By 2015, the laws and regulations that are compatible with China's mine environmental management will be basically improved, and the mine environmental management level will be significantly improved. By 2020, the mine environmental laws and regulations will be improved, and the mine environmental management level and capacity will be significantly improved.

Third, the main task

Focusing on the overall objectives of mine environmental protection and governance, the following main tasks are identified.

(1) Strengthening the investigation of mine geological environment

The mine environment survey is a forward-looking and basic work carried out on the basis of the preliminary investigation and the needs of the mine environmental protection and governance work. During the planning period, the mining enterprises are responsible for carrying out the survey of the mine geological environment within the scope of the mine before preparing the mine geological environment protection and treatment recovery plan. Local governments at all levels are responsible for the investigation of mine geological environment within their respective administrative areas. The central government is responsible for conducting surveys on mine geological environment in key areas and special investigations on geological environment problems of abandoned mines in the country.

Survey of mine geological environment in key areas. Conducted a major mineral resources concentration development zone (Box 1) 1:50,000 mine geological environment survey 230,000 km2, focusing on identifying the type, characteristics, distribution, scale and hazard of mine geological environment problems in the region. Analyze the inducing factors, formation mechanism of the geological environment of the mine and the sensitivity and restrictive effect of the regional geological environment background on the mining activities, evaluate the geological environment quality of the mine, predict its development trend, and propose the geological environment protection and comprehensive remediation measures for the mine.

Special investigation on the geological environment of abandoned mines. In detail, the status quo, formation history and hazards of the geological environment problems of abandoned unowned mines were identified, and the measures and feasibility of their treatment were analyzed, and the comprehensive treatment countermeasures for abandoned unowned mines were proposed. It provides the basis and technical support for the geological environment control work of abandoned mines in the country, and promotes the fundamental improvement of China's mine environment.

Column 1 Major Mineral Resources Centralized Development Zone Mine Geological Environment Survey Work Deployment

1. Survey of mine geological environment in coal and ferrous metal mining areas in the old industrial base in Northeast China. Mainly deployed in Hegang, Heilongjiang, Shuangyashan, Qitaihe, Jixi; Jilin Siping, Changchun, Jilin, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan; Liaoning Tieling, Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi, Anshan, Dandong, Fuxin, Jinzhou, Huludao, Chaoyang. The total survey area is 38,500 km2.

2. Survey of mine geological environment in coal, ferrous and non-metallic mineral mining areas in North China. Mainly deployed in Inner Mongolia Chifeng, Bayan Zall, Baotou, Hohhot, Wulanchabu, Hulunbeier; Hebei Chengde, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, Xingtai, Handan; Shanxi Datong, Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, Yangquan, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Jincheng, Taiyuan, Luliang, Linyi. The total survey area is 40,300 km2.

3. Survey of mine geological environment in coal, metal and non-metal mineral mining areas in East China. Mainly deployed in Shandong Zibo, Laiwu, Tai'an, Jining, Zaozhuang, Yantai, Rizhao, Linyi; Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi; Huaibei, Fuyang, Huainan, Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Tongling, Anqing; Zhejiang Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo; Jiangxi Shangrao, Jingdezhen, Zhangzhou, Pingxiang, Yichun, Xinyu, Ji'an; Fujian Sanming, Nanping, Longyan, Quanzhou. The total survey area is 46,700 km2.

4. Survey of mine geological environment in Zhongnan metal, coal and non-metal mineral mining areas. Mainly deployed in Henan Nanyang, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, ​​Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, Pingdingshan; Hubei Huangshi, Xianning, Yichang, Jingmen; Hunan Hengyang, Zhangzhou, Changde, Muyang, Loudi, Yiyang, Huaihua; Guangdong Shaoguan, Qingyuan. The total survey area is 33,900 km2.

5. Survey of mine geological environment in coal, metal and non-metal mineral exploration areas in Southwest China. Mainly deployed in Liupanshui, Bijie, Anshun, Guiyang, Qiandongnan, Zunyi, Guangxi; Hechi, Liuzhou, Guilin, Guigang, Yulin, Zhangzhou, Nanning, Baise; Guangxi; Sichuan Guang'an, Panzhihua, Liangshan, Ya'an, Leshan, Yibin, Zhangzhou; Yunnan Red River, Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong; Tibet Shannan, Naqu, Ali. The total survey area is 35,900 km2.

6. Survey of mine geological environment in coal and non-ferrous metal mining areas in Northwest China. Mainly deployed in Yulin, Xianyang, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an, Shangluo, Ankang, Baoji; Shizuishan, Yinchuan, silver south; Meng Wuhai; Xining, Haidong; Gansu Zhangye, Jiuquan, Gansu and; Urumqi, Xinjiang, Changji , Tacheng, Altay, Hami. The total survey area is 34,900 km2.

(II) Actively promote the construction of mine geological environment monitoring system

Mine geological environment monitoring is an important prerequisite and basis for doing a good job in mine environmental supervision and management. During the planning period, the construction of typical mine geological environment monitoring demonstration zone will be carried out, the mine geological environment monitoring system will be established, the national mine geological environment dynamic monitoring network will be built, and the national mine geological environment dynamic monitoring information system and database will be established to realize the mine geological environment in China. Effective monitoring.

Construction of a national mine geological environment monitoring demonstration zone. In view of the characteristics of mine geological environment problems, wide geographical areas and heavy hazards, select typical mines of different types of minerals, different regions and different development modes, carry out dynamic monitoring and demonstration of mine geological environment, and establish 10 national geological environment dynamics of mines. Monitor the demonstration area, summarize the technical methods of mine geological environment dynamic monitoring, and guide the construction of the national mine geological environment monitoring system.

Construction of mine geological environment monitoring system. Establish a three-level monitoring system for national, local and mining enterprises that combines the independent monitoring of mining enterprises with regular monitoring and emergency monitoring. The national mine geological environment monitoring and control area is 30,000 km2 (Box 2). The national mine geological environment monitoring information system is developed, and the national mine geological environment dynamic monitoring database is established to realize effective control of the dynamic trend of the national mine geological environment. The province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) shall deploy and construct a provincial-level mine geological environment monitoring network within its jurisdiction according to its own situation.

Column 2 National-level mine geological environment dynamic monitoring key areas

1. Monitoring of mine geological environment in Northeast China: mainly deployed in Hegang, Heilongjiang, Shuangyashan, Qitaihe, Jixi, etc., Jilin Siping, Changchun, Jilin, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, etc., Liaoning Tieling, Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi, Anshan, Dandong, Fuxin, Jinzhou, Huludao, Chaoyang and other regions. The mine area under monitoring and control is 2,808 km2.

2. Mine geological environment monitoring in North China: mainly deployed in Chifeng, Bayan Zall, Baotou, Hohhot, Wulanchabu, Hulunbeier, etc., Chengde, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, Xingtai, Handan, etc., Shanxi Datong In the areas of Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, Yangquan, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Jincheng, Taiyuan, Luliang and Linyi, the mine area under monitoring and control is 9424km2.

3. Mine geological environment monitoring in East China: mainly deployed in Shandong Luzhongnan, Jiaodong Peninsula, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Anhui, Huaibei, Fuyang, Huainan, Maanshan, Wuhu, Tongling, Anqing, etc. Zhejiang Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Jinhua and other regions, Jiangxi Shangrao, Jingdezhen, Zhangzhou, Pingxiang, Yichun, Xinyu, Ji'an and other regions, Fujian Sanming, Nanping, Longyan, Quanzhou and other regions. The mine area under monitoring and control is 5014km2.

4. Mine geological environment monitoring in Central and South China: mainly deployed in Henan Nanyang, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, ​​Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, Pingdingshan, Hubei, Huangshi, Xianning, Yichang, Jingmen, Xiaogan, Wuhan, Hunan Hengyang, Zhangzhou, Changde, Changsha , Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Muyang, Loudi, Yiyang, Huaihua and other regions, Guangdong Shaoguan and other regions. The mine area under monitoring and control is 3715km2.

5. Monitoring of mine geological environment in Southwest China: mainly deployed in the southeast of Guizhou, Liupanshui, Bijie, Anshun, Guiyang, Zunyi, etc., Guangxi Hechi, Liuzhou, Guilin, Guigang, Yulin, Zhangzhou, Nanning, Baise, etc., Chongqing and other regions Sichuan Dachuan, Guang'an, Panzhihua, Liangshan, Ya'an, Leshan, Yibin, Zhangzhou, Chengdu, Deyang and other regions, Yunnan Honghe, Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong and other regions, Tibet Shannan, Naqu, Ali and other regions. The mine area under monitoring and control is 3,481 km2.

6. Monitoring of mine geological environment in Northwest China: mainly deployed in Yulin, Xianyang, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an, Baoji, Shaanxi, Shizuishan, Ningxia, Gannan, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Qinghai, Haibei, Xinjiang, Urumqi, Changji, Xinjiang , Tacheng, Altay, Hami, Turpan and other regions. The mine area under monitoring and control is 4544km2.

(3) Accelerating the restoration and control of the mine environment

Highlight key points, clarify responsibilities, innovate mechanisms, strengthen supervision, and accelerate the comprehensive management of mine environmental issues.

Governance work focus. The focus of mine environmental management is the 76 key governance areas identified in the National Mineral Resources Planning (Schedule 1). Give priority to major mining environmental problems that seriously affect the human settlements, industrial and agricultural production, urban development planning, and implementation of major national projects, closed pit mines, abandoned mines (mines), policy-closed mines, and historically-owned mines in state-owned old mines. problem. It is possible to combine mine environmental management with land reclamation and ecological restoration in the mining area, and focus on solving regional mine environmental problems, so that the social and environmental benefits after treatment are more significant.

Division of governance responsibility. The environmental problems caused by the new mines are managed by the mining enterprises. According to the principle of “who destroys, who governs” and “exploiting and controlling”, the prevention and control of mining activities on the mine environment from the source, before the closed pit Complete the governance recovery task. For the production mines, the mining environment problems left before the implementation of the mine environmental restoration and management deposit system shall be jointly managed by the central government, local governments and mining enterprises. The mining environment caused by the subsequent mining activities shall be managed by the mining enterprises. If the main body responsible for the management of closed pit mines, abandoned mines (mines) and policy-closed mines has been lost or unclear, the central and local governments shall assume responsibility for mine environmental management, and multi-channel funds shall be encouraged to participate in the governance work.

Strengthen supervision and management. The administrative departments of land and resources at all levels must conscientiously implement the classified management mechanism for mine environmental management, strengthen supervision, prevent and control the damage of mining activities from the source, and avoid damage after first destruction. Strengthen policy guidance, increase investment in environmental management of mines, establish incentive mechanisms for mine environmental governance policies, mobilize various enthusiasm, raise funds through multiple channels, and make mine environmental problems left over from history as soon as possible. The mine environmental treatment project that has been invested in the development of the project must be organized and implemented, and the supervision and inspection of construction quality, construction progress and fund use should be strengthened to ensure that the governance project achieves the expected goals.

(4) Strengthening mine environmental protection

Adhere to the principle of “source prevention, process control, and closed pit compliance”, improve environmental access conditions for mineral resources development, strengthen environmental protection supervision for mineral resources development, and follow the creation of mine exploration, design, construction, production, and closed pits. The environmental standards of green mines are to achieve scientific mining methods, clean mining operations, and excellent mining environment.

Strengthen environmental protection prevention in key areas. The key areas for mine environmental protection prevention are set up, mainly for ecologically vulnerable areas, geological disaster-prone areas, and national major engineering areas (Box 3). In the key areas of mine environmental protection prevention, mineral resources development activities should be established, and higher environmental permit thresholds should be established to encourage mining enterprises to strengthen prevention during the development of mineral resources, and to avoid inducing ground subsidence, ground fissures, collapses, landslides, Aquifer damage, topographical landscape damage, and damage to land and vegetation resources; limit mineral resources development activities that are serious to the atmosphere, water and soil pollution, and endanger human and animal and plant survival safety; increase monitoring investment in the mine environment, master the mine environment Develop dynamic trends and take timely protective and preventive measures.

Column 3 Mine Environmental Protection Key Area

1. Black metal and coal mining areas in the Northeast. Distributed in the eastern part of Heilongjiang and southern Jilin, eastern Liaoning. The exploitation of mineral resources in this area is likely to cause ground subsidence, instability of open pit slopes, water and soil pollution, land compaction and destruction, and ecological damage. During the development of mineral resources, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of surface vegetation and soil humus, strengthen the monitoring and management of underground mined areas, properly dispose of solid waste, and prevent secondary geological disasters.

2. Coal, non-ferrous metals and ferrous metal mining areas in North China. It is distributed in the eastern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, central Shanxi, southern Hebei, and northern Hebei. The exploitation of mineral resources in this area is likely to cause vegetation degradation, soil erosion, ground subsidence in goaf, water resources destruction, aquifer dewatering, and landscape destruction. When developing mineral resources, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of surface vegetation, rationally treat waste water, prevent pollution of water and soil resources, reduce groundwater drainage and control, and control ground collapse and aquifer damage.

3. Polymetallic mining areas in East China. It is distributed in the south of the mountain, southeastern Anhui, southwestern Jiangsu, northwestern Jiangxi, and northwestern Fujian. The mining of mineral resources in this area is likely to cause geological disasters, destroy surface vegetation and cause pollution of water and soil environment. When developing mineral resources, it is necessary to reduce or avoid damage to land resources and surface vegetation, rationally dispose of waste water and solid waste, prevent soil and water pollution, and protect aquifer structure.

4. Non-ferrous metal mining areas in Central and South China. It is distributed in southern and western Hunan, western Henan and western Hubei. Mining of mineral resources is likely to cause mine geological disasters, soil and water pollution, resulting in damage to land resources. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of land and vegetation resources, properly dispose of solid waste, and prevent soil and water pollution and structural damage of aquifers.

5. Coal and coalbed methane mining areas in Southwest China. It is distributed in the south of Sichuan, the eastern part of Guizhou and the bordering area of ​​Yunnan. Mining of mineral resources tends to exacerbate ecological damage, causing secondary geological disasters and causing water pollution. It is necessary to prevent mine geological disasters, properly treat wastewater waste liquid, and avoid water pollution.

6. There are non-metallic mining areas of coal, non-ferrous metals, precious metals and chemical raw materials in the northwest. It is distributed in central and eastern Xinjiang, northwestern Gansu, northwestern Shaanxi, and western Inner Mongolia. Mining of mineral resources tends to exacerbate ecological degradation, causing secondary geological disasters and causing water damage. It is necessary to strengthen ecological environmental protection, prevent mine geological disasters, and reduce damage to water resources.

Strengthen environmental protection prevention throughout the entire process of resource development. Drilling, exploratory wells, trenches and roadways left in the exploration stage should be closed and backfilled, and the dangerous rock and dangerous slope formed should be restored and eliminated to eliminate potential safety hazards. The design of the mine should select less waste generation and high reuse rate of wastewater, which is conducive to the comprehensive utilization of common and associated resources, mining and ore dressing production technology and technology with little impact on the mining environment, and rational distribution of mining areas, processing areas and solid waste. Stacking area location. Mine construction should minimize the disturbance and damage to the natural environment. The mining and plant resources with protective value in the mining area should adopt local and nearby protection measures, minimize the occupation of cultivated land, and timely restore the temporary land occupation of infrastructure, protective stacking and Use the infrastructure to strip the soil. Strict mine closed pit management. Before the mine closes the pit, measures such as leveling the stope, reinforcing the slope, reclaiming the land, and restoring the vegetation must be taken. The mine that fails to meet the environmental recovery requirements of the closed pit stage does not approve the closed pit request. It is necessary to protect the mining relics of historical significance and scientific value.

Key points for prevention of environmental protection in mine production. According to mining methods, mining types and geological environment conditions, the key points of environmental protection are determined. Open-pit mining should design a reasonable slope angle, use the step method to top-down mining, strictly control the deformation and damage caused by blasting mining, and carry out slope instability, collapse, landslide geological hazard area (segment) monitoring prediction and prevention Work; underground mining should strictly control the exposed area of ​​goaf and roadway, promote the application of filling mining technology, reduce surface subsidence, and reduce solid waste discharge. After the open field method is used for mining, the goaf should be treated in time to eliminate hidden dangers of ground collapse and ground fissure, and to carry out underground and ground deformation monitoring and groundwater dynamic monitoring and forecasting. When mining non-ferrous metals and rare rare earth minerals, the leaching mining technology should be promoted and the treatment of wastewater waste liquid should be promoted; karst water filling, fissure water filling and large water deposits should be developed by curtain grouting, water shutoff and filling method. To prevent the collapse of goaf, karst collapse and structural damage of aquifers, as well as pollution of groundwater resources.

Control mine “three wastes” emissions. Measures such as exhaust gas purification, dust source closure, local exhaust, and installation of dust removal devices are adopted to reduce dust pollution and exhaust gas pollution during mining operations. Reduce wastewater discharge by using efficient wastewater treatment technology and recycling technology. Reduce the output rate of solid waste in mines, increase the comprehensive utilization rate, and reduce the discharge of solid waste.

(V) Improve the mine environmental management system

Improve the mine environmental management recovery deposit system. Formulate management measures for mine environmental management recovery deposits, and refine the margin payment standards. Exploring the establishment of mine environmental management recovery deposit recognition and inspection institutions, in accordance with the principle of not lower than the actual cost of mine environmental management, verify the amount of guarantees that mining enterprises should pay, and urge mining enterprises to pay deposits in full and on time.

Establish a dynamic monitoring system for mine environment. The administrative department of land and resources at or above the county level shall establish a mine environmental dynamic monitoring work system within its administrative region to guide and supervise the mining right holders to carry out mine environmental monitoring. The mining right holder shall regularly report the mine environment to the county-level land and resources administrative department where the mine is located, and submit the monitoring data truthfully. The county-level land and resources administrative department shall regularly report the collected mine environmental monitoring data to the upper-level land and resources administrative department.

Implement the statistical system of mine environmental statistics. The statistical report of the mine environment shall be organized and reported by the administrative department of land and resources at or above the county level. The statistical report of the production mine shall be filled in by the mining enterprise, and the statistical report of the closure of the mine shall be filled in by the competent land and resources administrative department at or above the county level. The next level of land and resources administrative department is responsible for organizing the summary and regular submission to the higher level land and resources administrative department.

Establish a supervision and inspection system for mine environmental management. Set up an inspection team for mine environmental management, regularly or irregularly supervise and inspect the implementation of mine geological environment protection and treatment recovery plan, mining process, environmental protection equipment and facilities, quality and effect of mine environmental treatment project.

Explore the mine environmental assessment system certification system. Establish an expert database of mine environmental appraisers, and carry out mine environmental impact assessment and identification of mine exploration, construction, production and closed pits in accordance with uniform processes and specifications. The appraisers must pass the assessment and certification of the land and resources department and hold the certificate.

(VI) Strengthening the construction of technical support system

Carry out research on mine environmental protection and treatment technology, and improve the scientific and technological level of mine environmental investigation, monitoring, prevention and treatment.

Research and develop technical standards related to the mine environment. Formulate technical standards for mine geological environment monitoring, mine geological environment impact assessment technical specifications, mine environmental restoration and control technical specifications, mine environmental restoration and control project acceptance specifications and mine environmental management assessment index system.

Strengthen scientific research in the field of mine environment. Conduct basic theoretical research on mine environment, research on mine environment investigation, monitoring and forecasting technology, mineral resources exploration and development, mine environmental protection and restoration technology, mine environmental protection and reconstruction technology under ecologically fragile conditions, and practical technology for mine waste recycling Research to improve the level of mine environmental control.

Improve the construction of mine geological environment management information system. Develop a management information system integrating data entry, transmission, storage, query, statistics, analysis, network release, decision support and other functions to achieve dynamic update and real-time release of mine geological environment information.

Accelerate the training of talents in the field of environmental science in mines. Strengthen the professional team training and business capacity building, establish and improve the talent development mechanism and management system in the field of mine environment, formulate and encourage innovation policies, and cultivate and cultivate innovative talents.

Improve the level of equipment in the mine environment. Strengthen the construction of technical equipment for mine environmental investigation, monitoring, protection and comprehensive management. Through the development, introduction and absorption and digestion, we will speed up the modern technical equipment configuration of mine environmental protection and treatment, and realize the automation, real-time and modernization of mine environmental monitoring. Improve the support capabilities of technical equipment.

Fourth, major projects

According to the objectives and tasks of mine environmental protection and governance in China, and facing the needs of the environment for social and economic development, four major projects will be implemented to ensure the realization of the planning objectives.

(1) Mine geological environment investigation project

The investigation of mine geological environment is carried out to meet the basic work needs of mine geological environment protection and management and mine environmental management. Through the implementation of the mine geological environment survey project, the mine geological environment survey of the country's major mineral resources concentrated development zones and the special survey on the geological environment of abandoned mines in the country were completed. From the macroscopic level, we grasp the current status and development trend of mine geological environment in key regions of China, and find out the number and scale of abandoned mines in China, the geological environment problems of mines and their hazards.

During the planning period, focus on the investigation of the geological environment of the coal and ferrous metal mining areas in the old industrial bases in Northeast China, the survey of the geological environment of the mining areas of coal, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and non-metals in North China, East China and Southwest China, and the polymetallics in the Central and South China Survey of mine geological environment in mining areas such as coal and non-metal, and survey of mine geological environment in mining areas such as coal, non-ferrous metals and non-metals in Northwest China. The survey area is 230,000 km2 and the budget is 1.25 billion yuan.

(2) Mine geological environment monitoring project

Through the implementation of mine geological environment monitoring project, a national mine geological environment dynamic monitoring network will be established to improve the national mine geological environment monitoring system. Through the national, local and enterprise monitoring network operation, we will fully grasp the dynamic changes and development trends of the national mine geological environment, and provide a basis for the implementation of effective monitoring and policy adjustment of the national mine environment.

National-level monitoring outlets are deployed in large and medium-sized mining areas and old mining areas where mining geological environment problems are prominent in the main mineral resources mining areas. During the planning period, 600 state-level monitoring outlets will be established, with a monitoring and control area of ​​30,000 km2 and a budget of 700 million yuan.

(3) Mine geological environment treatment project

Implement national-level mine geological environment treatment projects, focusing on solving geological environmental problems in closed pit mines, abandoned mines (mines) and policy-closed mines, as well as mine geological environment problems left over from state-owned old mines. Give play to the guiding role of the central special funds, drive other funds into the geological environment management of the mine, and accelerate the comprehensive management of the geological environment in the country.

The national mine geological environment control project is mainly deployed in the 76 key governance areas identified in the National Mineral Resources Planning. During the planning period, 1,400 national key geological environment key treatment projects (Schedule 2) were completed, with a treatment area of ​​about 11,000 km2 and a budget of 28 billion yuan.

(4) Research projects on major scientific issues

Efforts will be made to improve the scientific and technological level and support capacity of mine environmental protection and governance, focusing on the key technologies of mine geological environment investigation, monitoring, prevention, and recovery and recovery of practical technologies for mine waste recycling, quantitative evaluation index system and early warning model for mine environmental quality. Research, time-space evolution process and early warning research of mine environment, research on mine environmental prevention theory and regulation principle, research on surface structure and major engineering safety risk assessment method in ground subsidence area, research on national mine environment comprehensive management information system platform, etc., budget of 50 million yuan .

V. Safeguard measures

Once the "Planning" is approved, it must be strictly implemented. The development and utilization of mineral resources, mine environmental protection and governance must be implemented according to the plan.

(1) Establishing a mine environmental management coordination mechanism

In accordance with the principle of “unified management and division of labor”, establish a mine environmental management system that is compatible with the unified management of land and resources and hierarchical classification management, and clarify the responsibility for environmental protection and restoration of mines at all levels of competent departments, governments at all levels and mining enterprises. The administrative department of land and resources is responsible for establishing and improving the mine environmental management system, formulating plans and relevant management policies, and strengthening the supervision and management of mine environmental protection and governance; governments at all levels must strictly implement relevant laws, regulations and plans; mining enterprises must implement mines. Environmental protection and governance obligations.

(2) Strict mine environmental protection management

The first is to implement the mine environmental protection and governance planning system. Scientifically compile and strictly implement mine environmental protection and treatment planning at all levels, regulate mineral resources development activities, reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage, and promote the protection of mineral resources and mine environment.二是落实矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案编制制度。采矿权申请人申请办理采矿许可证时，应当编制矿山环境保护与治理恢复方案，报有批准权的国土资源行政主管部门批准。采矿权人扩大开采规模、变更矿区范围或者开采方式的，应当重新编制矿山环境保护与治理恢复方案，并报原批准机关批准。三是落实矿山环境治理恢复保证金制度。采矿权人应当依照国家有关规定，缴存矿山环境治理恢复保证金。因矿区范围、矿种或者开采方式发生变更的，采矿权人应当按照变更后的标准缴存矿山环境治理恢复保证金。按照“企业所有、政府监管、专户储存、专款专用”的原则管理和使用矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金。四是加强矿产资源开发利用全过程的环境保护监督管理。

(三)创新矿山环境保护和治理投入机制

加大中央和地方政府的资金投入。按照矿山环境保护与治理责任的划分原则，分清事权，设立矿山环境保护与治理专项资金，增加资金投入。从中央和地方所得的探矿权采矿权使用费和价款中增加矿山环境保护与治理资金的额度。

引导矿山企业和社会增加投资。利用中央或地方财政投入补助性经费，引导矿山企业、社会各界加大资金投入。通过制定优惠政策，鼓励矿山企业从利润中拿出更多资金投入矿山环境保护与治理。

建立市场运作的投入机制。运用市场化手段，通过国家制定税收、财政补贴、土地使用、信贷等方面的优惠政策，鼓励社会法人或自然人，按照“谁投入、谁受益、谁使用”的原则，进行产业化经营，享有废弃矿山(矿井)的二次资源和取得矿地复垦后的使用权等作为其回报，进行矿山的环境恢复与治理。

加强重大工程实施的监督管理。实行重大工程实施的全过程控制，严格重大工程施工方案的审查，加强重大工程实施过程中的监督管理，确保工程施工质量，遵循“谁审批、谁负责”的原则组织重大工程的竣工验收。

(四)完善规划实施管理体系

加强规划实施的统一协调管理。各级人民政府要将规划的实施作为一项重要的责任，建立和完善规划实施的行政首长负责制，由国土资源部门牵头，环保、安监、发改、林业、财政、水利、公安等相关部门参加，成立矿山环境保护与治理规划领导小组，全面负责所辖行政区域范围内规划目标的落实。

强化规划任务的分解落实。将矿山环境保护与治理、矿山地质环境调查与监测和矿山环境管理制度建设等主要任务进行分解落实。将矿山环境治理率、“三废”控制等重要的规划指标落实到矿山企业，将矿山环境治理重大工程和项目落实到年度和地区。

完善规划实施的评估和考核。建立和完善规划实施评估和考核机制，对规划实施情况进行定期或不定期评估，作为规划调整和修编的重要依据。依法对规划实施责任人进行考核。对规划目标完成较好的相关责任人和责任单位进行通报表扬和奖励;对未能按时完成规划目标的相关责任人和责任单位依法追究责任。

严格规划实施的监督管理。将矿山环境保护与治理规划执行情况作为矿山环境执法监察的重要内容，按照权责明确、行为规范、监督有力、高效运转的要求，明确执法责任和程序，提高执法效率，强化执法监督，坚决做到有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。加大矿山巡查力度，及时发现、纠正各种违反规划的行为，维护规划的权威性和严肃性。

(五)强化规划的宣传和公众参与

大力开展规划宣传。组织各级人民政府和各级国土资源、环境保护部门认真学习领会《规划》，提高各级领导干部和职能部门贯彻落实《规划》的自觉性和责任感，增强环境保护意识和对采矿权人及社会公众的服务意识;组织采矿权人学习《规划》，明确矿山企业的责任和义务，采取切实措施把矿山环境保护与治理任务落实到位;加强对采矿权人和矿山作业人员的矿山环境保护知识培训，转变矿山企业观念，提高矿山企业自身环境保护技能;通过宣传与表彰矿山环境防治先进典型，倡导矿山环境保护的良好社会风尚。

积极扩大公众参与。重点针对矿区及周边居民开展相关法规和科学知识的普及工作，告知其应有的权利和义务，拓宽和畅通群众举报投诉渠道，依法维护公民环境权益。完善公众参与的规则和程序，采用多种方式，听取公众意见，接受群众监督，实行民主决策。

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