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First, the mine research and research test returns to the enterprise is - "not the prophet"
Minerals are the spiritual treasures produced by the earth. They are non-renewable, and natural ores are unique. Although each mine's geological structure and smelting properties have certain commonalities, they also have their own characteristics, which are reflected in the production technology of mining and smelting. Although there are some references for this, they cannot be applied. Therefore, research and testing of mine geological exploration, ore properties, mining methods, and metallurgical processes are indispensable. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. Only scientific and thorough research and experiments can lead to the definitive resource reserves, ore body characteristics, ore physicochemical properties, mining development plans, and metallurgical process plans, etc., to provide overall planning and engineering design for mine construction. Necessary basis. Below I will focus on the ore properties of the mine and the main contents of the pilot research and research:
(1) Contents of ore properties research:
1. Study on the chemical composition of various types of ore (spectral semi-quantitative analysis, chemical analysis, chemical multi-element analysis, etc.): to find out the chemical components contained in the ore, the main useful components and associated useful, beneficial and harmful components. Content, occurrence state and variation law;
2, the study of mineral composition (mineral phase analysis, rock and mineral identification, etc.): to find out the type, content and occurrence of various minerals in the ore.
3. Ore structure, useful mineral grain size, grain morphology, embedding pattern, crystallization generation, mineral generation order and symbiotic relationship.
4. Physical, chemical, physicochemical properties and other properties of ore and its constituent minerals: such as ore specific gravity, gloss, hardness, brittleness, humidity, oxidation degree, solubility, degree of mud, friction angle, accumulation angle, and grindability Degree, crystal structure, etc.
(II) Research on the optionality of exploratory ore: According to the study of ore mineral nature and the theory of metallurgy, combined with the practice of mine production technology at home and abroad to determine a number of sets of ore processing methods, using multiple sets of metallurgy methods (such as magnetic separation, flotation, Re-election, chemical leaching, etc.) A variety of process methods for small exploratory conditions test, and appropriate full-process test research, summarize and compare test indicators, and initially determine a scientific and rational production process.
(III) Expanding the continuous smelting test in the laboratory: aiming at the conclusions drawn from the exploratory experiment, conducting a full-process test of the system of the smelting plant, and conducting a continuous experimental study on the scale of the selected process, and getting closer Production test indicators and equipment parameters, including certain environmental tests, energy-saving research tests, etc., provide the necessary indicator data for the construction of the plant.
(IV) Process mineralogy research in the test: The intermediate minerals and products in the test process should carry out the process mineralogy study of the ore, analyze the ore smelting performance in detail, and check the stage characteristics of the ore smelting process. .
The above is the specific content of the rock mine experimental test and the smelting research test. Is it necessary to do this? As a mine professional and technical person, the answer is self-evident - only if the research is thorough, can investors be like a mirror , understand the value of the mine. In fact, mine geological exploration and mining also require research and testing, which will not be discussed in detail here. In short, mine construction requires systematic research and testing, so that mining investors can be targeted and avoid mistakes.
Second, mine construction can only be planned by scientific planning.
When it comes to planning, everyone thinks more about the country's first "five-year" development plan, "ten years" development plan, etc. In fact, our mine construction also needs scientific and rigorous planning. Based on the geological data, mining and mining research, metallurgical test research and other research results, the mine combines the investor's own business development ideas, financial strength, social policies, etc. with the basic proven resources and preliminary understanding of the construction conditions. Reasonably put forward the scale of mine construction, construction process, production service years, basic plan for mining development, principle process for selection, product plan and principle plan for plant construction, etc., so as to preliminarily estimate the effect of construction investment and investment. This step can be described as the first "smart" of the mine's substantial construction. Qualified mining enterprise owners and professional mining enterprise managers should think more about this issue in their minds. The scientific plan gives a preliminary comprehensive evaluation to the mine investment. With the science and the company's own planning, the next feasibility study, project establishment and engineering design of the project can have a clear goal, and the mine construction can be carried out in an orderly manner.
Third, scientific and practical engineering design can make mines more efficient and economical
Mine engineering is a relatively complex subject involving many disciplines. In the process of mine construction, geology, well construction, mining, mineral processing, construction, structure, general map transportation, electrical appliances, water supply and drainage, machinery, HVAC, environmental protection, safety, economy and other professional technologies are comprehensive, can not be said to be indispensable, at least technology is not In place, it will cause hidden dangers or waste, and often it will not pay for it. Therefore, scientific and practical engineering design is a magic weapon to ensure the safe, reasonable, economical and efficient construction of mines. Enterprises can rely on experience to engage in engineering, but due to the lack of enterprise engineering technology, talents and experience, it may directly lead to relatively serious consequences. Furthermore, mine engineering is very different from ordinary industrial construction projects. It has obvious characteristics such as resources, topography, mining coordination, safety (high risk), service years, etc. It is destined to be scientific, rigorous and formal. Below I mainly explain the main content of engineering design to everyone.
Many people will also attribute the feasibility study report and project proposal of the mine project to the scope of engineering design. In fact, the project feasibility study and proposal are part of the engineering consultation. The project feasibility study report mainly analyzes and demonstrates the feasibility of the project itself from a micro perspective, focusing on the internal conditions and technical analysis of the project, including whether the market prospect is optimistic, the return on investment is ideal, whether the technical plan is reasonable and advanced, and whether the funding source is The main contents of the implementation, project construction and operation of the external supporting conditions are guaranteed, the main role is to help investors make the right investment decisions, choose a scientific and rational construction implementation plan.
In recent years, China has also issued a project approval application system, requiring industrial construction projects to prepare project approval application reports. The project approval application report is also in the scope of engineering consulting. It mainly discusses the external impact of the project from a macro perspective, focusing on economic and social analysis, mainly including the basic situation of the proposed project and the external impact of the project, such as the project. What are the favorable or unfavorable effects on national economic security, major regional layout, resource development and utilization, ecological environmental protection, prevention of industry monopoly and protection of public interests. The project application report is an important basis for the government to review the project to decide whether to allow its investment construction.
Mine engineering design usually includes two parts: preliminary design and construction drawing design. For new minerals, composite minerals, and refractory minerals, semi-industrial tests or industrial tests of ore will be carried out after the preliminary design and before the construction drawing design, and then the technical design will be carried out based on the scientific research results. Further research, comparison, refinement and optimization are carried out for each design scheme based on the beneficiation process. The purpose of engineering design is to specify the project construction plan to the details of the implementation process (pictured paper, cost, schedule, etc.), and provide necessary documents for the company to invest in mining construction, equipment ordering, engineering construction, employee recruitment training, and production materials preparation. And drawings and materials.
The preliminary design and construction drawing design of the mine is as follows:
(1) Preliminary design of the mine project.
The preliminary design is organized by the person in charge of the project (or the chief designer of the project). Each professional is divided into professional specifications, drawing design drawings, preparing equipment lists and budget estimates, and then the project leader organizes the relevant professional materials. Into a design document. Generally divided into three parts, respectively, the manual, design drawings, equipment order form. Preliminary design specifications generally include general theory, technical economy, geology, rock mechanics, mining, mining machinery, mineral processing, tailings facilities, general map transportation, water supply and drainage, electricity, automation and telecommunications, thermal and heating ventilation, machine repair, auto repair and electricity. Repair, civil engineering, environmental protection, safety and industrial hygiene, energy conservation and fire protection, budget estimates, etc. The design drawings and equipment order forms of each major should be combined into separate documents.
At present, the national competent authority requires the preliminary design safety of the mine project, the special chapter on environmental protection, and the special section of the tailings pond. Recently, it also requires energy-saving special articles. These design materials are newly added special articles, which require the formation of preliminary designs. Attached in the form of an attached separate text.
(2) Mine construction drawing design.
The construction drawing design of the mine is to embody the preliminary design engineering plan. According to the conclusions of the preliminary design documents, each professional draws the engineering construction drawings, and the preliminary design is modified or supplemented. The construction drawing design instructions and supplementary equipment order form are appropriately prepared. .
The construction drawing design should meet the following basic requirements:
1. Meet the ordering requirements of all equipment and materials;
2. Meet the requirements for the production of non-standard equipment and metal structural parts;
3. To meet the requirements of drawings and materials for construction, electrical, water supply and drainage, etc. of well construction, development, mining, mineral processing plant and tailings reservoir construction, as the basis for construction unit bidding, construction budget and construction organization planning The construction unit shall strictly follow the construction drawings for construction work;
4. As the basis for completion and project acceptance.
Fourth, mining enterprise examples
Here are some examples of mine construction and production, both successful and unsuccessful, worth learning.
(1) A non-ferrous metal mine in Inner Mongolia invested 100 million yuan to build a mine mining and selection project. No professional mine design units were invited to design, nor did the necessary scientific research tests were conducted. Several professionals were hired to build their own projects, not to mention the construction standards. Whether the project investment is provincial or wasteful, when the first large-scale blasting of the enterprise is completed and put into production, because of the series of parameters of the hardness, friability and blasting performance test of the ore, a large blast will destroy the entire development and mining system. As a result, the entire ore body cannot be mined, which is a heavy loss.
(2) A multi-metal flotation plant with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built in a mine in the northeast. It was designed and built by itself. The construction standards for civil works, electrical appliances, water supply and drainage are too low, and the equipment cannot be lifted and repaired after the plant is put into production. There is no system design for drainage in the workshop, the waste water is turbulent, the electrical lines are disorderly and the faults are frequent. More importantly, due to the unsatisfactory process design, the flotation machine selection and installation are not smooth, resulting in low production indicators. When it was stopped, after several renovations, it was barely able to produce "sub-health".
(3) Due to the lack of formal design during the construction of an iron ore mine in Hebei, the foundation of the main plant was sunk soon after the project was put into operation. The equipment foundation and the structural column of the factory all produced serious cracks and could not maintain production. In desperation, they had to be demolished and rebuilt.
More than three profound lesson we have to learn a lesson, the other hand, several formal design enterprises, such as Baosteel Meishan Iron, JIAOJIA Gold, Jiangxi Copper Dexing Copper Mine and so on, although some spent money and time, but the benefits It is obvious to everyone, you can analyze it. I think that scientific and formal design cannot be omitted, and it must be done.
From this point of view, we should be able to clearly understand the importance of mine research and technology, and mine engineering design is indeed a scientific and rigorous subject. But how to make the engineering design advanced, practical, and economical requires us to study and explore seriously. I think that this is mainly due to two points. The first is the design thinking of the design unit. It can also be considered as the design service concept and responsibility of the design institute. The second point is the comprehensive quality of engineering designers. Specifically, the design unit must have a good management service concept - all with the comprehensive benefits of the mine as the center, and the sense of responsibility of the mining owners in the heart; the best composition of personnel is to be both proficient in engineering design, understand on-site operation, understand equipment performance, understand construction management. The technical staff forms a complementary and coordinated design team. Only in this way can the above advantages be reflected in the design drawings and documents. The research, brewing design is the most advanced, practical, most economical, safest, cleanest and the production cost. The lowest mine project.
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