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Fire Network News In the electrical design of buildings, emergency lighting is a very important concept, which is regulated in various design specifications and mandatory provisions. The rationality of emergency lighting design in a building is directly related to whether the building function can operate normally in the event of fire or power outage, whether the personnel can be safely and timely evacuated, and whether the property can be preserved.
1 Emergency lighting concept Lighting that is activated due to the failure of normal lighting power is called emergency lighting. Emergency lighting includes standby lighting, evacuation lighting, and safety lighting. Article 10.3.2 of the JGJ16-2008 Civil Building Electrical Design Code (hereinafter referred to as the “People's Regulationsâ€) stipulates that after the normal lighting is extinguished, it is necessary to ensure that the normal working or continuing places should be set up with standby lighting; Evacuation lighting shall be provided for exits and passages; safety lighting shall be provided where necessary to ensure the safety of persons at risk. It can be seen that emergency lighting includes standby lighting, evacuation lighting and safety lighting.
The failure of the normal lighting power supply, including the usual power failure and power failure, in both cases to ensure that normal work or activities continue, there is a fundamental difference in power supply. The fire accident power failure shall be fire emergency lighting, and the normal power failure shall be accident lighting (non-fire emergency lighting). In accordance with Article 13.8.2 of the Civil Code, GB50016-2006 Building Design Fire Protection Code (hereinafter referred to as "Low Standard"), Section 11.3.2, Section 4, GB50045-95 High-rise Civil Building Design Fire Protection Code (2005 Edition) (below) Referred to as the provisions of Section 9.2.2 of the "High Regulations": fire control room, self-contained power supply room, power distribution room, fire pump room, smoke control machine room, telephone main machine room, and other places that still need to work in the fire or The room belongs to the fire fighting area. Emergency lighting in this area belongs to fire emergency lighting, and its facilities should be fire-fighting electrical equipment. According to Article 13.8.3, Article 13.8.6 of the Civil Code, Article 11.3.2, Article 11.3.5 of the Low Regulations, Article 9.2.1 of the High Regulations, and the provisions of 9.2.2 : Personnel-intensive places in public buildings are not part of the fire-fighting work area at the time of fire. Only evacuation lighting is set up, which ensures that the emergency lighting that continues to work normally or is active is non-fire emergency standby lighting (accident lighting). It can be seen that emergency standby lighting should be divided into two types: fire emergency standby lighting and non-fire emergency standby lighting. Articles 10.3.2 and 10.5.5 of the "People's Regulations" describe the provisions of emergency lighting for the two types of emergency lighting. The provisions of Section 13.8 (Fire Emergency Lighting) are special provisions for fire emergency lighting. The meaning of evacuation lighting is the facility that is equipped for the safe evacuation of personnel from the fire scene in case of fire (or sudden accident).
2 Characteristics of emergency lighting 2.1 Characteristics of emergency standby lighting The emergency standby lighting mentioned above is classified into fire emergency standby lighting and non-fire emergency standby lighting, which are fundamentally different in design and operation. Different places of use: fire emergency backup lighting: used for fire protection work area (see section 13.8.2 of the Civil Code). Non-fire emergency standby lighting: large and medium-sized public buildings and crowded places, such places to maintain normal work and social order in case of power failure, reduce economic losses, ensure the safety of personnel and property, set up standby lighting.
Different electrical properties: fire emergency standby lighting: belonging to fire-fighting electrical equipment, its power supply load level, emergency power supply settings, power distribution system should be designed according to fire-fighting properties. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: can not replace fire emergency lighting, can not enter the fire-fighting distribution system, is a primary and secondary general lighting power load, its power distribution system should be set separately from the fire emergency standby lighting, no forced start, In case of fire, the power should be removed according to the non-fire load.
Illumination standard requirements are different: fire emergency standby lighting: due to the work in the fire (fire protection work area), the illuminance value is the same as the normal illumination illuminance value.
Non-fire emergency standby lighting: According to Article 10.5.5 of the “People's Regulationsâ€, no less than 10 for general lighting, large venues can reach 50 or even 100 (such as international sports venues, international conference centers).
Different types of lamps: fire emergency standby lighting: the selection of lamps should comply with the relevant provisions of GB17945 fire emergency lighting: fire emergency lighting housing should use non-combustible materials or flame retardant materials (oxygen index not less than 30), internal connection should be temperature resistant Not less than 105! Wire. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: should be selected according to general lighting fixtures. Continuous power supply time is different: fire emergency backup lighting: minimum continuous power supply time is 180min, which is consistent with the highest fire resistance limit set by the building. Non-fire emergency emergency lighting: no time limit is set, depending on the needs of the installation site.
Wire selection and line laying requirements are different: fire emergency standby lighting: according to the "People's Regulations" 13.10.1, 13.10.4, 13.10.5, "Low Rules" 11.1.6, "High Regulations" Article 9.1.4 is implemented. Non-fire emergency standby lighting: according to the general lighting line selection and laying regulations.
2.2 Characteristics of Evacuation Lighting The electrical properties of evacuation lighting belong to fire-fighting electrical equipment. Should the illuminance value be pressed? The provisions of Article 13.8.6 of the Civil Code: stairwells, densely populated areas, underground floors not less than 5Lx, and evacuation passages not less than 0.5Lx. The minimum continuous power supply time is not less than 30 minutes. The selection of lamps is based on the standard of fire emergency lighting. The feeder line is selected and laid according to the requirements of the fire-fighting line. The power distribution method should be set separately from the fire emergency standby lighting circuit. The control method should be forcibly lit during a fire.
3 Fire emergency lighting power supply selection basis: fire emergency lighting power supply, should be based on emergency lighting load capacity, allow interrupted power supply time, minimum duration of power consumption, power supply conversion time, light source and lighting products technology Ask to choose. Power category: Fire emergency lighting power supply, should use a dedicated feeder line independent of the normal power supply, independent of the normal power supply engine group, battery pack, or any of the above two ~ 3 kinds of power supply combination. Power supply mode: Fire emergency standby lighting requires a longer working time, more than 180min. Evacuation lighting work time is relatively short, generally more than 30min, but requires quick start, allowing short power outage time. For fire emergency lighting power supply, municipal power and diesel generator sets should be used preferentially. Battery power is used when the requirements are not met. When a self-starting generator is installed in the building, it should be supplemented with battery power to meet the conversion time requirements. Battery power is generally used for evacuation lighting, and power supply devices such as EPS centralized emergency power supply devices and lighting appliances have their own batteries.
4 Fire emergency lighting system design measures Fire emergency lighting fixtures should be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB17945 fire emergency lighting. Evacuation channel lighting fixtures are generally installed on the ceiling. Because the lamps are selected as fire-fighting lamps, it is difficult to coordinate and unify the style with ordinary lamps. This should attract attention and adjust the position of the lamps to meet the illumination requirements. Especially in large space places, when the traffic flow relationship is not clear, it is recommended to reserve emergency lighting distribution box, put forward specific text requirements, post-renovation design and treatment, and should use the ground lighting form to increase the number of floor lighting. For evacuation indication signs, the evacuation guidance should be reasonable and obvious. The floors should be pointed to the evacuation stairwell with the shortest streamline. The light source in the fire emergency lighting should use the fast-ignition instantaneous ignition source. The high-pressure gas discharge lamp should be used with caution. Dimming devices should not be used for fire emergency lighting. Fire emergency standby lighting and fire evacuation lighting power supply mode should meet the requirements of load level and emergency power conversion time. The fire emergency backup lighting system uses the battery pack as the backup power source, and the safety time should be more than 180 minutes. The conversion time of financial commercial trading venues is no more than 1.5s, which refers to the checkout counter, gold and silver jewelry, valuable items and so on.
Pay attention to the distinction between fire emergency backup lighting system (fire-fighting properties) and non-fire standby lighting system (non-fire-fighting properties), which should be set independently. Fire emergency backup lighting and evacuation lighting should not be powered by the same branch circuit. It is strictly forbidden to connect the socket in the output circuit. The branch trunk line should not cross the fire protection zone. When it must be crossed, fire prevention and sealing measures should be taken. There is no fire partition concept in the house. Each floor is not a fire partition. The general lighting in the public area (small number of lights) can be combined with the evacuation lighting, but it should meet the evacuation emergency lighting design requirements. It should be noted that the lighting control switch of the high-rise residential stairwell connected to the fire emergency lighting system must be able to achieve strong start control if the self-extinguishing switch is used. It is recommended to use a time switch instead of an acousto-optic control switch. Fire emergency lighting lines should not be co-managed with normal lighting lines. When laying in the same bridge, the middle is separated by a non-combustible partition.
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