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According to estimates of related departments, during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's annual petrochemical equipment investment will reach 30 billion yuan, and the total amount will exceed 150 billion yuan. The demand for petrochemical equipment is 2.5 million tons, including 700,000 tons of key equipment. Petrochemical special equipment (reactors, heat exchangers, towers, storage and transportation equipment, heaters, special machinery, etc.) 100,000 tons, an investment of 47.5 billion yuan. The directory of industries, products and technologies that the National Development and Reform Commission has proposed to encourage development includes 28 fields, 526 products, technologies and some infrastructure and services. Among them, there are three major items in the petroleum and petrochemical field: the development of key manufacturing technologies and equipment for large-scale fertilizers and ethylene plants, the manufacture of large-scale turbine compressors for petrochemical plants, and the exploration of oil and gas and drilling equipment.
The ancients said: "The heavens do not take and are subject to others." The magnificent development plan of the petroleum and petrochemical industry provides an excellent opportunity for the equipment manufacturing industry. Only by understanding its own flaws and deficiencies, and receiving the full support of the government, To grasp this golden period. Otherwise, we can only watch the fertilizer flow into the field of foreigners, and hand over the benefits to foreign manufacturers.
Although great achievements have been made in the domesticization of China's petroleum and petrochemical major technological equipment over the past 20 years, it has not fully realized the expected goal of the “Decision on Grasping the Development of Major Technical Equipment†issued by the State Council in 1983. Localization has been going on for more than 20 years, and the introduction has continued for more than 20 years. The gap with foreign countries has only been seen widening. Although the output of China's petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry currently ranks fourth and fifth in the world, the overall scale is equivalent to only one-fifth of the United States, one-fourth of Japan, and one-third of Germany. There are more than 500 existing petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing enterprises in China, but there are no large-scale backbone enterprises. So far no one has entered the world's top 500. The industry has not yet been able to provide large-scale equipment for petroleum and petrochemical projects.
Although China's major petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry is large in size, it is "big but not strong." An important factor leading to this problem is the absence of government guidance. This widened the gap between China's petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry and foreign countries.
Problems and gaps in the oil equipment manufacturing industry Due to the ineffective government guidance, the development of the oil equipment manufacturing industry is in a state of chaos.
There are many manufacturing companies, small scale, and lack of concentration. According to incomplete statistics from related departments, at present, there are more than 300 enterprises (above 500 million yuan in annual sales income) in the oil drilling and special equipment industry in China, and the number is still increasing. This figure is probably more than the sum of oil drilling equipment companies in other countries. The large number of enterprises will inevitably lead to the decentralization of resources, the dispersion of funds, and the dispersion of technological power, so that no one will ever be able to scale.
The market is limited, and there is less glutinousness, leading to disorderly competition. In view of the shortage of domestic oil resources, the domestic oil drilling equipment market has been very limited. In a limited market, hundreds of manufacturing companies will give birth, and it will inevitably lead to various non-standard competitive behaviors. In recent years, the rise in crude oil has driven the development of the upstream industry in China. This issue has not been fully realized. However, in terms of exports, the losses suffered by companies and countries are obvious because domestic manufacturers are competing for prices.
Product structure similarities, lack of features. Relative to petrochemical equipment, the number of oil drilling equipments is relatively small, and hundreds of them are engaged in their manufacture. The product structure is inevitably similar. It is reported that at present, there are more than a dozen manufacturers of steel pipes for oil and gas operations in China, and there are large-scale Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Plants. Drilling rig production companies, including Baoji Petroleum Machinery Plant and Guanghan Honghua, etc. As for the production of oil extraction equipment, wellhead tools, enterprises are blooming everywhere. Although everyone is engaged in the same product, few people can make a major breakthrough in technology.
Product technology is low, many low-end products. At present, domestically produced petroleum machinery products, conventional products, many roads and goods, fewer brand-name products, fewer key products with independent intellectual property rights, to date, no one has yet to enter the list of national brand name products. Taking drilling equipment as an example, at present, the world already has more than 4,300 land drilling rigs of various types. The production capacity of drilling rigs is 600 to 800 units per year, and China has about 1,000 sets of drilling rigs, and the annual output of various drilling rigs can reach 1200. Taiwan sets, but most rigs are technically backward products.
The progress of corporate integration is slow. In the past, state-owned oil-equipment manufacturing companies were basically affiliated with the Ministry of Machinery and the Ministry of Petroleum, and there were still some companies affiliated with the local government departments. Now that the Ministry of Machinery and the Ministry of Petroleum are no longer in existence, enterprises formerly under the Ministry of Machinery are now under localized management, while most of the manufacturing companies that remain in the petroleum and petrochemical group have undergone enterprise restructuring. As for the local petroleum machinery manufacturers, they are basically restructured into private enterprises. Today's China's oil equipment manufacturing enterprises are state-owned, private, Sino-foreign joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned and other economic components coexist. The overall layout of the industry is like an "Eastern Zhou Dynasty columnist", no one to implement "combined vertical and horizontal." Without integration with existing manufacturing companies, it is impossible to create large-scale backbone enterprises. If it is unable to form a manufacturing base that meets future needs, it will not be able to complete the domestic production of major petroleum technology equipment, and it will be unable to participate in domestic and foreign competition.
Our country implements a market economy dominated by the government. For the integration of the manufacturing industry, the government should play a leading role. We can't expect companies to spontaneously gradually integrate in accordance with the law of market operation, and finally achieve the goal of industry-wide integration.
Problems and gaps in the petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry Compared with the petroleum equipment manufacturing industry, the problems and gaps in the petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry are even greater and greater.
At present, 60% of China's petrochemical plant's product technology comes from abroad, and there are few products and technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Process technology relies too much on foreign countries and has rarely formed its own original achievements. At the same time, basic theoretical research in the industry is also extremely weak. Equipment R&D and manufacturing lag behind the development of petrochemical process technology. Equipment R&D cannot catch up with the needs of construction projects. As for the imported equipment, in general, it is still re-introduced, lightly digested, and the absorption innovation is worthless. The research and development of major equipment still remains in the imitative stage of cat and tiger painting, and it lacks the ability for secondary development.
The domestic petrochemical equipment manufacturing companies also have the market situation of "regimes", with small scale, large quantities, overcapacity of general equipment manufacturing, and insufficient manufacturing capacity of major equipment. Equipment R&D and manufacturing have not formed professionalization, standardization, and serialization for a long time. The research and development of major equipment and the decentralized construction force have not formed large R&D centers and construction bases.
In addition, due to the lack of necessary policy support and financial guarantees for localization of major technical equipment, manufacturing companies take risks that are too large, enthusiasm is difficult to stimulate, and enthusiasm is difficult to mobilize. It is difficult for institutions that host major equipment and equipment to carry out work in a lasting, stable and effective manner. Changes in the leadership structure, and even the appearance of a material lack, are one of the important reasons for the slow progress in the localization of petrochemical major equipment.
The equipment manufacturing industry must adapt to the needs of the medium and long-term development of China's petroleum and petrochemicals and must catch up and fully revitalize. In order to fully revitalize, the above-mentioned problems and gaps are precisely the subject that lies ahead of us. To overcome these problems, apart from the fact that manufacturing itself has to rise, it needs the unified leadership, unified coordination, and effective and effective policy support of the central government. Localization of equipment is a corporate behavior, but it reflects the will of the state and safeguards the country’s economic security and interests. Therefore, government-led institutions cannot be absent.
The ancients said: "The heavens do not take and are subject to others." The magnificent development plan of the petroleum and petrochemical industry provides an excellent opportunity for the equipment manufacturing industry. Only by understanding its own flaws and deficiencies, and receiving the full support of the government, To grasp this golden period. Otherwise, we can only watch the fertilizer flow into the field of foreigners, and hand over the benefits to foreign manufacturers.
Although great achievements have been made in the domesticization of China's petroleum and petrochemical major technological equipment over the past 20 years, it has not fully realized the expected goal of the “Decision on Grasping the Development of Major Technical Equipment†issued by the State Council in 1983. Localization has been going on for more than 20 years, and the introduction has continued for more than 20 years. The gap with foreign countries has only been seen widening. Although the output of China's petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry currently ranks fourth and fifth in the world, the overall scale is equivalent to only one-fifth of the United States, one-fourth of Japan, and one-third of Germany. There are more than 500 existing petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing enterprises in China, but there are no large-scale backbone enterprises. So far no one has entered the world's top 500. The industry has not yet been able to provide large-scale equipment for petroleum and petrochemical projects.
Although China's major petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry is large in size, it is "big but not strong." An important factor leading to this problem is the absence of government guidance. This widened the gap between China's petroleum and petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry and foreign countries.
Problems and gaps in the oil equipment manufacturing industry Due to the ineffective government guidance, the development of the oil equipment manufacturing industry is in a state of chaos.
There are many manufacturing companies, small scale, and lack of concentration. According to incomplete statistics from related departments, at present, there are more than 300 enterprises (above 500 million yuan in annual sales income) in the oil drilling and special equipment industry in China, and the number is still increasing. This figure is probably more than the sum of oil drilling equipment companies in other countries. The large number of enterprises will inevitably lead to the decentralization of resources, the dispersion of funds, and the dispersion of technological power, so that no one will ever be able to scale.
The market is limited, and there is less glutinousness, leading to disorderly competition. In view of the shortage of domestic oil resources, the domestic oil drilling equipment market has been very limited. In a limited market, hundreds of manufacturing companies will give birth, and it will inevitably lead to various non-standard competitive behaviors. In recent years, the rise in crude oil has driven the development of the upstream industry in China. This issue has not been fully realized. However, in terms of exports, the losses suffered by companies and countries are obvious because domestic manufacturers are competing for prices.
Product structure similarities, lack of features. Relative to petrochemical equipment, the number of oil drilling equipments is relatively small, and hundreds of them are engaged in their manufacture. The product structure is inevitably similar. It is reported that at present, there are more than a dozen manufacturers of steel pipes for oil and gas operations in China, and there are large-scale Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Plants. Drilling rig production companies, including Baoji Petroleum Machinery Plant and Guanghan Honghua, etc. As for the production of oil extraction equipment, wellhead tools, enterprises are blooming everywhere. Although everyone is engaged in the same product, few people can make a major breakthrough in technology.
Product technology is low, many low-end products. At present, domestically produced petroleum machinery products, conventional products, many roads and goods, fewer brand-name products, fewer key products with independent intellectual property rights, to date, no one has yet to enter the list of national brand name products. Taking drilling equipment as an example, at present, the world already has more than 4,300 land drilling rigs of various types. The production capacity of drilling rigs is 600 to 800 units per year, and China has about 1,000 sets of drilling rigs, and the annual output of various drilling rigs can reach 1200. Taiwan sets, but most rigs are technically backward products.
The progress of corporate integration is slow. In the past, state-owned oil-equipment manufacturing companies were basically affiliated with the Ministry of Machinery and the Ministry of Petroleum, and there were still some companies affiliated with the local government departments. Now that the Ministry of Machinery and the Ministry of Petroleum are no longer in existence, enterprises formerly under the Ministry of Machinery are now under localized management, while most of the manufacturing companies that remain in the petroleum and petrochemical group have undergone enterprise restructuring. As for the local petroleum machinery manufacturers, they are basically restructured into private enterprises. Today's China's oil equipment manufacturing enterprises are state-owned, private, Sino-foreign joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned and other economic components coexist. The overall layout of the industry is like an "Eastern Zhou Dynasty columnist", no one to implement "combined vertical and horizontal." Without integration with existing manufacturing companies, it is impossible to create large-scale backbone enterprises. If it is unable to form a manufacturing base that meets future needs, it will not be able to complete the domestic production of major petroleum technology equipment, and it will be unable to participate in domestic and foreign competition.
Our country implements a market economy dominated by the government. For the integration of the manufacturing industry, the government should play a leading role. We can't expect companies to spontaneously gradually integrate in accordance with the law of market operation, and finally achieve the goal of industry-wide integration.
Problems and gaps in the petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry Compared with the petroleum equipment manufacturing industry, the problems and gaps in the petrochemical equipment manufacturing industry are even greater and greater.
At present, 60% of China's petrochemical plant's product technology comes from abroad, and there are few products and technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Process technology relies too much on foreign countries and has rarely formed its own original achievements. At the same time, basic theoretical research in the industry is also extremely weak. Equipment R&D and manufacturing lag behind the development of petrochemical process technology. Equipment R&D cannot catch up with the needs of construction projects. As for the imported equipment, in general, it is still re-introduced, lightly digested, and the absorption innovation is worthless. The research and development of major equipment still remains in the imitative stage of cat and tiger painting, and it lacks the ability for secondary development.
The domestic petrochemical equipment manufacturing companies also have the market situation of "regimes", with small scale, large quantities, overcapacity of general equipment manufacturing, and insufficient manufacturing capacity of major equipment. Equipment R&D and manufacturing have not formed professionalization, standardization, and serialization for a long time. The research and development of major equipment and the decentralized construction force have not formed large R&D centers and construction bases.
In addition, due to the lack of necessary policy support and financial guarantees for localization of major technical equipment, manufacturing companies take risks that are too large, enthusiasm is difficult to stimulate, and enthusiasm is difficult to mobilize. It is difficult for institutions that host major equipment and equipment to carry out work in a lasting, stable and effective manner. Changes in the leadership structure, and even the appearance of a material lack, are one of the important reasons for the slow progress in the localization of petrochemical major equipment.
The equipment manufacturing industry must adapt to the needs of the medium and long-term development of China's petroleum and petrochemicals and must catch up and fully revitalize. In order to fully revitalize, the above-mentioned problems and gaps are precisely the subject that lies ahead of us. To overcome these problems, apart from the fact that manufacturing itself has to rise, it needs the unified leadership, unified coordination, and effective and effective policy support of the central government. Localization of equipment is a corporate behavior, but it reflects the will of the state and safeguards the country’s economic security and interests. Therefore, government-led institutions cannot be absent.
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