New Development of All - Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

Currently large-scale commercial lithium secondary batteries are generally used organic carbonate liquid electrolyte, leak-proof, easy to burn, explosive and other safety issues limit the further application of this type of electrolyte.

All-solid-state polymer electrolytes (ASPEs) have the advantages of good safety performance, high energy density, wide operating temperature range and long cycle life, which are one of the hot topics in the field of lithium-ion batteries. ASPEs usually have excellent mechanical properties and can well inhibit the dendrite growth during charging and discharging of lithium metal electrodes. Therefore, ASPEs also have very important application prospects in the field of lithium metal batteries.

Several ASPEs systems are studied, including polyethylene oxide (PEO) based systems, polycarbonate based systems, polysiloxane based systems and polymer lithium single ion conductor systems.

PEO-based ASPEs is one of the earliest and most studied ASPEs. However, its high crystallinity makes it difficult to transport Li + at room temperature and low ionic conductivity. Therefore, researchers have developed a series of methods to reduce the crystallinity of PEO and increase the ionic conductivity Modification means.

Polycarbonate-based ASPEs backbone structure containing a strong polar carbonate group and amorphous state at room temperature, making the lithium salt easier dissociation, and room temperature ionic conductivity generally higher than the PEO-based, is more potential PEO-based ASPEs alternative materials.

In addition to carbon chain polymers, polysiloxane-based ASPEs with lower glass transition temperatures are also of interest to researchers due to their high ionic conductivity.

In the process of charging and discharging lithium batteries, Li + is the effective carrier, and the migration of anions in the electrolyte increases the concentration polarization of the electrolyte system. Therefore, the anions do not migrate, and the polymer lithium single ion conductors with Li + mobility numbers close to 1 are also A class of ASPEs with research value.

With regard to the application prospect and future development direction of all-solid polymer electrolytes, the research of PEO-based systems focuses on the development of organic-inorganic composite systems. The research of polycarbonate-based systems focuses on the development of blends with other polymers, The emphasis of the alkyl system is to enhance the mechanical properties of the system. The focus of polymer lithium ion conductor system lies in the design of new polyanion lithium salts with higher ionic conductivity.

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