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An electric furnace that heats or melts a material by the inductive electrothermal effect of the material. The basic components of the induction furnace is a copper tube with a purple wound induction coil. An alternating voltage is applied to both ends of the induction coil to generate an alternating electromagnetic field. The conductive material is placed in the induction coil. The electromagnetic induction generates eddy currents in the material, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy by the electric resistance to heat the material; therefore, it can also be considered Induction heating is a direct heating type of electric resistance.
The characteristic of induction heating is that the electric heating power (current distribution) transformed in the material to be heated is very uneven, the surface is the largest, and the center is the smallest, which is called the skin effect. In order to improve the electrothermal efficiency of induction heating, the power supply frequency should be suitable. The small-scale melting furnace or the surface heating of the material adopts high-frequency electricity, and the large-scale melting furnace or medium-frequency or power-frequency electricity is used for deep material heating. The induction coil is a load with a relatively large inductance, and its power factor is generally low. In order to improve the power factor, the induction coil is generally connected in parallel with a capacitor called a compensation capacitor. The gap between the induction coil and the material should be small. The induction coil should be made of square copper tube. The water inside the tube should be cooled. The inter-turn gap of the induction coil should be as small as possible and the insulation should be good. Induction heating device, mainly used for casting of steel, copper, aluminum and zinc , with fast heating, less burning loss, high mechanization and automation, suitable for deployment on automatic lines.
The induction melting furnaces used in the industry include a crucible furnace (coreless induction furnace) and a grit furnace (core induction furnace). Made of refractory or steel, the capacity ranges from a few kilograms to tens of tons. Its smelting characteristics are that the melt in the crucible is subjected to electric power, forcing the liquid level of the molten pool to bulge, and the melt flows from the center of the liquid surface to the periphery to cause circulating flow. This phenomenon is called electrokinetic effect and can make the melt composition uniform. The disadvantage is that the slag is biased to the periphery and the coverage is poor. Compared with the melting furnace, the furnace is flexible in operation and has a high melting temperature, but the power factor is low and the power consumption is high. Melt channel inductor furnace of an iron core, an induction coil trench lining and the melt composition, melt channel of one or two strip-shaped annular groove which is filled with a melt puddle in communication. In principle, the grit furnace can be regarded as a core transformer with only one winding and short circuit in the secondary. The induced current flows in the melt of the melt to achieve an electrothermal transition.
Production per melting furnace after completion of the metal, the molten pool is not vented, or easy to dry, must be retained as part of the next batch of melt from the melt. The temperature of the molten ditch is higher than that of the molten pool and is subject to the erosion of the melt flow, so the lining of the molten ditch is easily damaged. For the convenience of maintenance, the inductor of the modern furnace is made into an assembly that is easy to replace. The capacity of the furnace is from a few hundred kilograms to more than one hundred tons. The grit furnace is used for power frequency. Since the iron core made of silicon steel sheet is used as a magnetic path, the electrical efficiency and power factor are high. The grit furnace is mainly used for the melting of cast iron, copper, zinc, brass, etc., and can also be used as a fusion melter for storing and heating the melt.
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