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The pharmaceutical process is an important factor in the flotation process and has a significant impact on improving the efficacy and improving the flotation index. It mainly includes: the control and adjustment of the optimal dosage of the drug in the drug treatment process and the slurry.
(I) Combined use of drugs The combination of various collectors is based on the mineral surface non-uniformity and the synergistic effect between the chemicals, and has been widely used in industrial practice. The main ways are:
(1) Mixed use of the same series of agents, such as low-grade xanthate and high-grade xanthate, and a mixture of different black drugs (No. 208 black medicine), the harvesting power and selectivity are improved.
(2) Mixing of similar agents The common use of various sulfide ore collectors, including the combination of strong and weakly collected agents, the mixing of soluble and insoluble agents, and the price and cost of chemicals. Mixed use, etc. For example, No. 31 black medicine is a mixture of white medicine dissolved in 6% of insoluble solids in No. 25 black medicine, and No. 400 series is a highly absorbing mercapto benzoquinone in an inexpensive black medicine aqueous solution. A mixture of sodium thiazole salts; a reagent No. 4037 is a mixture of Z-200 thiamine added to the black drug.
(3) cations and anions, such as the common collector dodecylamine with sodium oleate and 12 share in common with amine and amyl xanthate collector scheelite, in common with ethylenediamine and cupric oxide ore xanthate collector Can improve the mineral processing indicators. The mechanism of this mixed drug has two explanations: one is that the cationic agent first adsorbs on the negatively charged mineral surface, and the mineral surface charge sign is positive to facilitate the adsorption of the anionic agent; the other is in the acidic medium. The cation collector is ion-adsorbed and the anion is neutral molecularly adsorbed (or vice versa in alkaline media). The former is referred to as the "charge compensation" mechanism, and the latter is the molecular ion co-adsorption.
(4) Mixing or mixing macromolecules with small molecule agents. For example, the so-called "poly-collector" is a water-soluble complex prepared by mixing a water-insoluble polymer with a common collector, including polycondensation. Ethyl acetate is added to the preparation of dodecylamine hydrochloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution. It is believed that the collector molecules are oriented and adsorbed along the polymer hydrocarbon chain to form a composite, and the collection performance is better than the original one. higher.
In addition, the combined use of inhibitors is more common, and the results can greatly improve the efficacy and improve process selectivity. As a new drug-using process, it has been widely used in production practice and continues to achieve new developments.
(II) Control and adjustment of the optimal dosage of the pesticide in the slurry The optimization and control of the pharmaceutical system in the flotation circuit is an important factor for the stability of the flotation process and the minimization of drug consumption.
The control and regulation of the optimum dosage of the agent in the pulp, mainly through laboratory tests and industrial experiments, to understand the relationship between various agents and minerals in the flotation circuit and the concentration of various agents, to establish a function under different conditions. Formula (or mathematical model) from which the characteristic parameters can be grasped. [next]
For example, when flocculating copper sulfide ore with xanthate, it has been experimentally determined that the concentration of xanthate in the pulp and the concentration ratio necessary for flotation of copper sulfide minerals are an important parameter (see Figure 1, Figure 2).
Seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, xanthate flotation of copper sulfide, iron ore, the main sulfide minerals floatability rule is:
(1) Flotation of iron sulfide requires that the concentration of collector in the slurry is much higher than that of copper sulfide. It is arranged in the order of increasing concentration of xanthate necessary for full flotation: cuprite-copper blue-bronze-yellow Copper mine - pyrite - pyrite - pyrrhotite.
(2) When flotation of any copper sulfide or iron mineral, the necessary concentration of xanthate in the pulp increases as the pH increases. The concentration of xanthate necessary for preferential flotation or mixed flotation can be determined at different pH conditions. The optimum amount of xanthate in the flotation circuit can be adjusted by an automated system. The principle flow of the drug dosage automatic control system is shown in Figure 3.
The working principle of the automatic control system is: the pH value and the xanthate concentration in the flotation circuit 1 [(KX - ) are detected by [H + ] ion detector 2 and xanthate ion [KX - ] detector 4, respectively, by 2 The detected pH value data is sent to the computer controller 3, and the xanthate concentration necessary for full flotation is calculated under the condition of the pH value (calculation equation lg[KX - ]=f(pH)). The function is to compare the data from 4 (the actual concentration data of xanthate [KX - ] in the flotation circuit) with the data from 3 (the optimal concentration data under the current pH condition in the loop), and will command the xanthate feeder 6 Perform the adjustment. For this reason, the flotation circuit always works at the optimum concentration of the drug.
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