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More fuel-efficient and more environmentally friendly engines have always been the automotive industry's eagerness. In today's increasingly energy-intensive, human sustainable mobility has become a serious challenge for automakers around the world. At present, the solution is generally divided into three stages: first, to improve the fuel efficiency of the existing internal combustion engine, followed by hybrid power, and finally ushered in the era of hydrogen economy completely rid of oil. Obviously, we still have a long way to go from the third stage, and the hybrid car is still only in the early stages of development. While striving to find a complete solution on the one hand, automotive engineers around the world are constantly enjoying surprises in improving the fuel efficiency of existing internal combustion engines.
The FSI direct injection gasoline engine technology is clearly an example.
Future prospects:
The first-generation gasoline direct-injection engine is as expensive as the diesel direct-injection engine. When the direct-injection technology of diesel engines has formed standards in many parts of the world, the development of direct-injection technology for gasoline engines is still at a very early stage.
"The first generation of gasoline direct injection engines can't meet people's high expectations," said Renault spokesman Thomas Mainegler. In his view, the first generation of engines has been effective in reducing energy consumption, but at the same time the price is also high. It also explains why the French assembled them in Renault Megane (Megana News, Megane) and the engine on the Laguna model were reclaimed from the market, and these engines are Europe. The first batch of gasoline direct injection gasoline engines.
Now that the entire automotive industry has adjusted the way fuel is burned from increasing oxygen to a more reasonable and uniform fuel-to-air ratio, the timing of new attempts in engine research seems mature: Audi engineer Christian Egermai It is expected that the so-called FSI engine will also be able to win in the market, just like the TDI diesel engine 16 years ago.
The Audi 2.0 TFSI engine, which has won the Euro V standard without the addition of a purifier and won the Oscar "Engine of the Year" award, is the result of a combination of FSI technology and turbocharging.
According to Eger Meyer, this combination can fully exploit the advantages of gasoline direct injection technology. "Gasoline direct injection technology can bring higher efficiency to the engine without more energy consumption; turbocharger can The engine maintains high torque at low speeds," the engineer explained. That is to say, such an engine can reduce the number of times the driver shifts and save fuel.
In addition, this technology also lays the foundation for the future reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions, so that the car can meet the European No. V harmful gas emission standard without the addition of an exhaust gas purifier.
In the case of full load (full throttle), the intake pipe is fully open, and the oil injection mode is uniform, forming uniform combustion to meet the power needs.
When the load is partially (the throttle is half open), the intake pipe is half-opened and the stratified oiling mode forms a lean combustion to save fuel.
Gasoline direct injection engine fuel economy still has space. According to Klaus Eger, director of VDO, Siemens accessories manufacturer, gasoline direct injection engine has more potential to save fuel, and it is expected to save fuel by 20% in the future. even more. "In this way, the competitiveness of gasoline engines and diesel engines is comparable," Eger said.
Engine engineers are full of confidence that gasoline engines will regain their upper hand in the competition with diesel engines. When talking about the market prospects of gasoline direct injection engines, Leonhard from Bosch said, "Gasoline direct injection engines will be successful in the market, just like diesel direct injection engines. In 2008, sold in the European market. One-fifth of the engine will be a gasoline direct injection engine."
According to the survey data of the German Federal Bureau of Traffic Management, 44.5% of all newly licensed vehicles in Germany in the first quarter of 2005 were using gasoline engines, an increase of 3.5 percentage points over the previous year. "In the long run, the competition for two different concepts of the engine will be no different," concludes Professor Wolfgang Meinsi of the Bamburg Institute for Automotive Economics.
Design principle:
Power and economy are both due to the invention of the common rail high-pressure injection diesel system, which made the diesel engine a leader in the competition with the gasoline engine. However, inspired by this, the gasoline direct injection technology has begun to receive real attention from the industry. The manufacturers represented by Volkswagen and Audi blew the horn of the gasoline engine counterattack: the second-generation direct fuel injection technology, the disadvantage of high energy consumption of the gasoline engine has been greatly improved, greatly reducing the gap with the diesel engine.
In fact, the concept of direct gasoline injection was not proposed by Volkswagen and Audi, but was first proposed by Mitsubishi Motors. Recently, many manufacturers have begun to develop gasoline direct injection technology. Volkswagen/Audi (FSI), Motronic MED7, Mercedes-Benz (CGI) and Fiat (JTS) are all representatives of gasoline direct injection technology. However, the most mature technology, the most common application, of course, is Volkswagen and Audi.
Since June 2001, Audi's FSI gasoline direct injection technology has demonstrated extraordinary potential in the world's toughest durability test. Next, the Audi R8 with the FSI engine won several times in the Le Mans competition.
The so-called FSI, the abbreviation of Fuel Stratified Injection, refers to fuel stratified injection, a revolutionary technology in the field of direct injection gasoline engines. The FSI engine that injects fuel directly into the cylinder has a significantly improved power (approximately 10%) fuel consumption can be reduced by 15% compared to conventional engines that inject fuel into the intake manifold.
A6L 4.2 FSI quattro vs. A6L 4.2 quattro 4.2 FSI 4.2 V8 Improved range Maximum power 350 hp 335 hp 4.5%
Maximum torque 440Nm 420Nm 4.8%
90km/h fuel consumption 8.7L 9.2L 5.7%
How FSI achieves lean burn gasoline direct injection engines is characterized by two different oil injection modes, namely, layered oil injection and uniform oil injection mode. In the case of partial load (throttle half-open), so-called lean combustion is formed to save fuel; and in the case of full load (full throttle), the engine uses so-called uniform combustion to meet the power demand.
The gasoline direct injection engine is capable of stratified oil injection because it controls the oil filling process in the combustion chamber and directly injects fuel before the trigger is completed. This greatly reduces the amount of fuel required for combustion – the most important prerequisite for achieving the economics of an FSI engine.
Audi 4.2 FSI V8 engine Audi's latest V8 4.2 FSI engine with four-valve design per cylinder, with on-demand control of fuel supply, variable intake manifold, continuous adjustment of intake and exhaust camshafts and other advanced equipment systems. This Audi's latest V8 4.2FSI engine has a maximum output of 257 kW (350 hp) / 6800 rpm and a maximum output torque of 440 Nm / 3500 rpm. The domestic Audi A6L 07-type 4.2 FSI quattro equipped with this engine accelerates from standstill to It takes only 6.4 seconds to 100 km/h, while the fuel consumption at 90 km/h is only 8.7 liters/100 km.
The Audi 3.2 FSI V6 engine Audi 3.2 FSI V6 delivers a maximum power of 188 kW (255 hp) at 6,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 330 Nm at 3,250 rpm.
The domestic Audi A6L 07-year-old 3.2 FSI with 7-speed multitronic stepless/manual integrated gearbox accelerates from standstill to 100 km/h in just 7.7 seconds, with a top speed of 240 km/h; 90 km/h constant speed The fuel consumption is only 7.4 liters / 100 kilometers.
The domestic Audi A6L 07-type 3.2 FSI quattro full-time four-wheel drive with tiptronic automatic/manual integrated gearbox accelerates from standstill to 100 km/h in just 7.1 seconds, with a top speed of 244 km/h; 90 km. The fuel consumption per hour is also 7.9 liters/100 kilometers.
The FSI direct injection gasoline engine technology is clearly an example.
Future prospects:
The first-generation gasoline direct-injection engine is as expensive as the diesel direct-injection engine. When the direct-injection technology of diesel engines has formed standards in many parts of the world, the development of direct-injection technology for gasoline engines is still at a very early stage.
"The first generation of gasoline direct injection engines can't meet people's high expectations," said Renault spokesman Thomas Mainegler. In his view, the first generation of engines has been effective in reducing energy consumption, but at the same time the price is also high. It also explains why the French assembled them in Renault Megane (Megana News, Megane) and the engine on the Laguna model were reclaimed from the market, and these engines are Europe. The first batch of gasoline direct injection gasoline engines.
Now that the entire automotive industry has adjusted the way fuel is burned from increasing oxygen to a more reasonable and uniform fuel-to-air ratio, the timing of new attempts in engine research seems mature: Audi engineer Christian Egermai It is expected that the so-called FSI engine will also be able to win in the market, just like the TDI diesel engine 16 years ago.
The Audi 2.0 TFSI engine, which has won the Euro V standard without the addition of a purifier and won the Oscar "Engine of the Year" award, is the result of a combination of FSI technology and turbocharging.
According to Eger Meyer, this combination can fully exploit the advantages of gasoline direct injection technology. "Gasoline direct injection technology can bring higher efficiency to the engine without more energy consumption; turbocharger can The engine maintains high torque at low speeds," the engineer explained. That is to say, such an engine can reduce the number of times the driver shifts and save fuel.
In addition, this technology also lays the foundation for the future reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions, so that the car can meet the European No. V harmful gas emission standard without the addition of an exhaust gas purifier.
In the case of full load (full throttle), the intake pipe is fully open, and the oil injection mode is uniform, forming uniform combustion to meet the power needs.
When the load is partially (the throttle is half open), the intake pipe is half-opened and the stratified oiling mode forms a lean combustion to save fuel.
Gasoline direct injection engine fuel economy still has space. According to Klaus Eger, director of VDO, Siemens accessories manufacturer, gasoline direct injection engine has more potential to save fuel, and it is expected to save fuel by 20% in the future. even more. "In this way, the competitiveness of gasoline engines and diesel engines is comparable," Eger said.
Engine engineers are full of confidence that gasoline engines will regain their upper hand in the competition with diesel engines. When talking about the market prospects of gasoline direct injection engines, Leonhard from Bosch said, "Gasoline direct injection engines will be successful in the market, just like diesel direct injection engines. In 2008, sold in the European market. One-fifth of the engine will be a gasoline direct injection engine."
According to the survey data of the German Federal Bureau of Traffic Management, 44.5% of all newly licensed vehicles in Germany in the first quarter of 2005 were using gasoline engines, an increase of 3.5 percentage points over the previous year. "In the long run, the competition for two different concepts of the engine will be no different," concludes Professor Wolfgang Meinsi of the Bamburg Institute for Automotive Economics.
Design principle:
Power and economy are both due to the invention of the common rail high-pressure injection diesel system, which made the diesel engine a leader in the competition with the gasoline engine. However, inspired by this, the gasoline direct injection technology has begun to receive real attention from the industry. The manufacturers represented by Volkswagen and Audi blew the horn of the gasoline engine counterattack: the second-generation direct fuel injection technology, the disadvantage of high energy consumption of the gasoline engine has been greatly improved, greatly reducing the gap with the diesel engine.
In fact, the concept of direct gasoline injection was not proposed by Volkswagen and Audi, but was first proposed by Mitsubishi Motors. Recently, many manufacturers have begun to develop gasoline direct injection technology. Volkswagen/Audi (FSI), Motronic MED7, Mercedes-Benz (CGI) and Fiat (JTS) are all representatives of gasoline direct injection technology. However, the most mature technology, the most common application, of course, is Volkswagen and Audi.
Since June 2001, Audi's FSI gasoline direct injection technology has demonstrated extraordinary potential in the world's toughest durability test. Next, the Audi R8 with the FSI engine won several times in the Le Mans competition.
The so-called FSI, the abbreviation of Fuel Stratified Injection, refers to fuel stratified injection, a revolutionary technology in the field of direct injection gasoline engines. The FSI engine that injects fuel directly into the cylinder has a significantly improved power (approximately 10%) fuel consumption can be reduced by 15% compared to conventional engines that inject fuel into the intake manifold.
A6L 4.2 FSI quattro vs. A6L 4.2 quattro 4.2 FSI 4.2 V8 Improved range Maximum power 350 hp 335 hp 4.5%
Maximum torque 440Nm 420Nm 4.8%
90km/h fuel consumption 8.7L 9.2L 5.7%
How FSI achieves lean burn gasoline direct injection engines is characterized by two different oil injection modes, namely, layered oil injection and uniform oil injection mode. In the case of partial load (throttle half-open), so-called lean combustion is formed to save fuel; and in the case of full load (full throttle), the engine uses so-called uniform combustion to meet the power demand.
The gasoline direct injection engine is capable of stratified oil injection because it controls the oil filling process in the combustion chamber and directly injects fuel before the trigger is completed. This greatly reduces the amount of fuel required for combustion – the most important prerequisite for achieving the economics of an FSI engine.
Audi 4.2 FSI V8 engine Audi's latest V8 4.2 FSI engine with four-valve design per cylinder, with on-demand control of fuel supply, variable intake manifold, continuous adjustment of intake and exhaust camshafts and other advanced equipment systems. This Audi's latest V8 4.2FSI engine has a maximum output of 257 kW (350 hp) / 6800 rpm and a maximum output torque of 440 Nm / 3500 rpm. The domestic Audi A6L 07-type 4.2 FSI quattro equipped with this engine accelerates from standstill to It takes only 6.4 seconds to 100 km/h, while the fuel consumption at 90 km/h is only 8.7 liters/100 km.
The Audi 3.2 FSI V6 engine Audi 3.2 FSI V6 delivers a maximum power of 188 kW (255 hp) at 6,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 330 Nm at 3,250 rpm.
The domestic Audi A6L 07-year-old 3.2 FSI with 7-speed multitronic stepless/manual integrated gearbox accelerates from standstill to 100 km/h in just 7.7 seconds, with a top speed of 240 km/h; 90 km/h constant speed The fuel consumption is only 7.4 liters / 100 kilometers.
The domestic Audi A6L 07-type 3.2 FSI quattro full-time four-wheel drive with tiptronic automatic/manual integrated gearbox accelerates from standstill to 100 km/h in just 7.1 seconds, with a top speed of 244 km/h; 90 km. The fuel consumption per hour is also 7.9 liters/100 kilometers.
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