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First, the main cause of failure in the use of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
The development of lead-acid batteries from the open-rich liquid type to the current valve-controlled maintenance-free batteries has promoted the wide application of lead-acid batteries in various fields such as communication, finance, and railway.
From the user's practical point of view, it does not involve the specific failure mechanism of the internal battery. From the external characteristics, it simply summarizes the reasons for the premature failure and power failure of the valve-controlled maintenance-free battery in actual use.
(1) The quality of the battery itself is mainly caused by:
1 The new battery is mixed with backward batteries (especially when several discharge cycles are used), or the battery of the same group is too poor, which is mainly due to the battery manufacturing level.
2 The new battery capacity is insufficient, mainly due to battery manufacturers cutting corners.
(2) Improper management of battery charge and discharge
1 Under-charged, this is the primary reason for the greatly shortened battery life in actual use, mainly because the power supply is turned off before the battery is undercharged. Since the float current is small, it takes a long time to float to fill the underfill. In the event of several consecutive power outages, the battery underfills accumulate and there is some PbSO4 inside, which can no longer be restored to active substances Pb and PbO, resulting in a sharp drop in battery capacity.
2 Over-charging, some power supplies to avoid undercharging, artificially delay the floating charge, causing the battery to overcharge, thus the battery is dehydrated due to over-charging and accelerates the process of capacity decay.
3 Over-discharge, small current over-discharge will cause dense or large particles of PbSO4 grains, which can not fully recover into active substances Pb and PbO when charged, that is, no charge.
(3) Individual battery failures in the battery pack. If the faulty battery is not replaced in time, the entire battery will be accelerated.
(4) Lack of regular uniform maintenance, regular (such as three months) without equalization, will increase the inconsistency of the entire battery. Long-term no deep discharge opportunities (such as more than one year) have a great impact on the activity of the battery, and it is possible to release electricity or only a part of the capacity when it is required to discharge.
(5) The battery is used in a harsh environment, mainly because the ambient temperature is over-limit. If the temperature is too high, the battery float life will be affected. If the temperature is too low, the actual discharge capacity of the battery will be greatly reduced.
(6) Other causes visible to the naked eye, mainly the acid column leakage and leakage of the battery pole, causing water loss and battery pole corrosion, as well as damage caused by other external forces.
Second, the battery management expert (EBM) solution
The Battery Management Expert (EBM) module can be used, with a total of 12 alarms:
â—Discharge 80% pre-alarm â—Undercharge
â—Discharge 90% pre-alarm â—Overcharge
â—Individual battery failure â—All charging flow is too large
â—Small current over discharge â— Temperature overrun
â—Battery cut-off alarm â—End of battery life
â—The battery capacity is too small â—EBM has no self-learning
In addition, the EBM is operated according to the actual use of the battery, and the battery has a separate charge maintenance and annual deep discharge maintenance prompt.
The above various alarms and prompts, in addition to monitoring and real-time forecasting of the battery backup discharge backup time, and EBM module installation instructions, are all solutions to the failure of lead-acid batteries in use, corresponding to the above various causes of failure , briefly described as follows:
(1) Battery manufacturing quality problems
The new battery is mixed with backward batteries (especially when several discharge cycles are used), through the self-learning of the new battery just after power-on, and the "individual battery failure" alarm during any subsequent deep discharge. Prompt to replace the faulty battery, you must replace the battery with the same model (preferably the same batch) of the same manufacturer. This prompt is made before the whole battery capacity has not been significantly affected. You can refer to China Testing Technology on Runyuan Electric website. The Institute's "EBM Test Report."
The new "Battery Insufficient" alarm is clearly indicated during the self-learning process when the new battery is just powered up, and there is no special requirement for the self-learning device (current power supply, load close to the actual usage load).
(2) Improper management of battery charge and discharge
When undercharge occurs several times in a certain time interval, the system makes an "undercharge" alarm, requiring maintenance personnel to adjust the power supply to charge the battery for 3-5 hours.
If the “overcharge†alarm occurs multiple times, it is required to adjust the power supply to float the transfer point, and set the forced transfer to float protection; at the same time, check whether the battery is full of heat at the end of the charge period, that is, there is a problem with the battery quality.
After the "small current overdischarge" alarm occurs, stop the discharge as soon as possible and charge according to the upper limit voltage of the battery in the battery instruction manual.
(3) After the "individual battery failure" alarm, use the multimeter to find the faulty battery in the late stage of deep discharge, or use the impact capacity meter for detecting the starting battery of the vehicle to find out that the lowest capacity is the faulty battery. The manufacturer replaces the battery of the same model.
(4) After the “equal charge maintenance†prompt, it is required to discharge at least 20%, and then charge again. After the “Annual Inspection and Maintenance†prompt, it is required to discharge at least 80% for deep discharge maintenance.
(5) After the “temperature overrun†alarm, the operating environment of the battery should be improved as soon as possible to extend its service life and ensure its sufficient working capacity.
Third, the conclusion
EBM battery capacity/fault monitoring module is a smart IT lead-acid battery monitoring product that integrates battery management, fault monitoring and maintenance. The accuracy of monitoring and management has been strictly tested and approved. Functional cost performance and ease of use fill the gap in the management and monitoring of VRLAs at home and abroad. In the near future, it will become a battery (power) part of the system integration, environment and power monitoring project. Standard module.
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