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At present, air pollution and PM2.5 governance are the topics that people are most concerned about. Regional haze has seriously affected China's international image and sustainable development. At the meeting, Professor Lin Cheng of the National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles of the Beijing Institute of Technology presented a set of charts of the Beijing Environmental Protection Monitoring Center. The data of the chart shows that 31.1% of the PM2.5 in Beijing comes from the exhaust of motor vehicles, accounting for the highest proportion. Therefore, It is necessary to promote the use of electric vehicles.
Professor Lin Cheng believes that the traditional power system can not completely solve the energy and environmental issues, fuel cell vehicles are new technologies for future applications, hybrid vehicles have entered the commercialization stage, but the energy-saving emission reduction effect on the engine technology depends The cost is still relatively high, and only pure electric vehicles are the best route at this stage. Pure electric vehicles are zero-emission vehicles that can utilize a variety of power, such as hydropower and nuclear power, and have the highest energy conversion efficiency. They are also basic technologies for hybrid and fuel cell vehicles.
Among all car categories, special vehicles including commercial vehicles are the best breakthrough for pure electric vehicles. From January to November 2015, commercial vehicles manufactured and sold 3.087 million vehicles and 3.1054 million vehicles, which was a year-on-year decrease of 10.53% and 9.71%. However, pure electric commercial vehicles produced 90,100 vehicles, an increase of 11 times year-on-year, and the production of plug-in hybrid commercial vehicles. 1.89 million vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 90%.
China's heavy truck Chengdu ace pure electric light truck
Taking the evolution of the energy system of pure electric buses as an example, pure electric vehicles have already achieved great technical progress. The energy source coupling method is various. Many companies have developed a supercapacitor range-extended car and electric hybrid car using a combination of battery and capacitor, a Plug-in hybrid car and a range-extending electric motor using a battery+engine combination. Vehicles and fuel cell vehicles and metal air battery vehicles that use an energy battery + power battery combination. At the same time, the energy supplementation method has also evolved. The plug-in type of the vehicle has evolved from slow charging and fast charging (capacitor car) to slow charging and fast charging. The entire vehicle changing type is changed from the battery pack to the replacement part. Battery material. The three parts of the motor drive system motor, drive system and controller have also made great progress on the technical level (Figure 2). In particular, the emergence of high-power and high-efficiency rare-earth permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive technology has overcome the problems of power density and efficiency, high-quality field-weakening control, overvoltage of the capacitor, stability of the control power supply, and dynamic tracking performance of both sides of the motor.
In addition, technologies such as wheel-side electric drive technology, new dual-motor-driven electromechanical coupling system, vehicle network control technology, high-efficiency motorized attachment technology, fast-charged battery pack liquid immersion cooling technology, and battery fast charging technology emerged. New energy vehicles have also been sublimated technically. It is worth mentioning that the Chongqing Hengtong electric bus uses lithium titanate fast-charged batteries, which can be completed within 10 minutes of a single charge. The number of battery full charge and discharge cycles is more than 15,000 times, and the service life is as long as 6 to 8 years. A big breakthrough.
Lin Cheng said that as early as 2008, Beijing Institute of Technology put forward the concept of platform configuration for pure electric and vehicle power systems. It was equipped with a high-efficiency permanent-magnet synchronous motor, integrated integrated power drive system, and replaceable lithium. Ion power battery system, on-board bus network and control system, and high-efficiency motorized attachment system, and reserved conversion space and electrical interface suitable for the needs of various special vehicles. It can be applied to various types of logistics, sanitation vehicles and other special applications. car.
According to the special “energy distribution coefficient†of special vehicles, the concept of “job range†and work energy allocation methods for operation and transportation of pure electric vehicles are proposed.
Beijing Institute of Technology has developed three series of 37 kinds of pure electric special-purpose vehicle chassis and vehicle products according to the platform-electrical chassis-vehicle concept. It has been selected as the national new energy vehicle recommended catalog, and is located in Beijing, Shandong and Sichuan. , Jiangsu and other places have been applied. The first type is a class 1 pure electric and vehicle power system platform and vehicle integration technology. The whole vehicle adopts a single-motor drive and a mid-position rear drive. The electric power steering unit and the electric air conditioning system are arranged under the cab so that It is connected with the mechanical structure and ventilation interface, making full use of the front space of the chassis and at the same time, it is easy to maintain.
The second is N2 pure electric vehicle and vehicle power system platform and vehicle integration technology. It is arranged in a mid-engine rear drive mode. The motor is arranged in the middle position of the rear frame of the cab. The position of the battery box is more obvious and the battery is faster. The replacement provides convenience and is highly adaptable to different application modes of electric vehicles.
The third type is the N3 pure power and vehicle power system platform and the integrated vehicle technology. The rear-drive arrangement of the mid-engine rear drive is adopted. The battery system is divided into two parts, one part is arranged outside the frame and the other part is arranged in the cab. The space in the upper part of the rear frame, except for the arrangement of the drive system and the battery, is the same as the arrangement of the electric light vehicle chassis.
In the field of charging facilities, the emergence of new electric equipment for electric buses has also made up for the problem of excessive land occupation for charging piles. The new land-occupying equipment occupies a small area, is light in weight, easy to be built, has a short time for power exchange, and has a low requirement for vehicles, and the business model of fast-charged pure electric buses has been examined by the market. Based on the new fast-charged lithium battery operating characteristics, the maximum operating condition for fully charged and fully-charged vehicles is over 150km. The maximum continuous charging current of the vehicle can reach 500A (up to 4C). Each charging time is about 8-15 minutes, and each cycle can be charged. 3 times to meet operational requirements and improve vehicle adaptability. The equivalent of the life of the vehicle is 8-10 years, which has obvious advantages over the traditional scheme. It has been applied in large scale in Beijing and other cities.
New energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles, are the opportunities and the only way for the development of China's automobile industry. Prof. Lin Cheng believes that pure electric vehicles have their own technical characteristics and application modes, and only with the appropriate business model can we foster strengths and avoid short and rapid development. At present, China's pure electric vehicles have entered a stage of rapid development, and they have achieved key technical breakthroughs and product stereotypes for serialized electric special-purpose vehicles' chassis and vehicles, enriched the product system of pure electric vehicles, and new types of charging and replacing infrastructure have been applied. With the rapid development of urban development and e-commerce, it will provide an important opportunity for the development of electric sanitation and logistics vehicles.
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