Introduction to classification process


Grading is an extremely important preparation task during the beneficiation process. Grading can effectively separate the coarse and fine particles, thus avoiding excessive pulverization of the fine-grained minerals, reducing unnecessary energy consumption, and enabling the coarse-grained minerals to be effectively returned to the returning sand returning mill. The quality of the grade directly affects the level of technical and economic indicators such as the production capacity of the mill, the quality of the products and the concentrate grade and recovery rate of the subsequent sorting operations.
  The classification process can be divided into three categories: gravity hydraulic classification, centrifugal hydraulic classification and high-frequency fine screening. The hydraulic grading is a grading method in which the particles are subjected to gravity or centrifugal force in the water to reach a distribution according to the final velocity of the settlement, and mainly includes a spiral classifier, a hydrocyclone, a wind classifier, and the like. Fine sieving classification is a grading operation strictly in accordance with the particle size and size. In recent years, the reformation of the beneficiation classification process has been carried out in order to make the classification process better and more stable.
(1) Spiral classifier classification
For the concentrator using small and medium-sized ball mills , for the sake of economy and production stability, a section of grinding closed-circuit classification still tends to use a spiral classifier. Liu et al. reported the industrial test of a hydrocyclone at a section of the grinding grading system at Chengchao Concentrator. There are 6 series of closed-circuit grinding systems in Chengchao Concentrator. The 1-4 series is a closed circuit system consisting of Φ2.7m×3.6m ball mill and Φ2000mm double helix classifier.
(2) Hydrocyclone classification
The hydrocyclone is a highly efficient grading and desliming device. Because of its simple structure, easy manufacture and large processing capacity, it has been widely used at home and abroad. The main disadvantage is that it consumes a large amount of power.

A concentrating plant for a large ball mill for grinding, the grading equipment has a tendency to use hydrocyclones. Yang Haibo and others reported that Lunan Mining Company's concentrator design has four series, using stage grinding + reverse flotation to improve silicon and multi-stage selection process, stage grinding, a grading equipment is gradually replaced with Neptune Cyclone The FX500-GT new cyclone produced by Co., Ltd. has achieved good results. The particle size of one stage of grinding is reduced, the power consumption of grinding is reduced by 4.48kW·h/t-0.074mm, and the grinding efficiency is improved by 0.68t-0.074. Mm / (m 3 .h). Wang Yonggang reported the effect analysis of the grading of the Jiugang Concentrator from a double helix classifier to a cyclone. Two sets of Φ500mm cyclones were used instead of the double helix classifier. The grinding and grading cycle load was greatly improved, and the primary grading granularity changed significantly. fine. Yu Tao reported Liaoning Paishanlou gold ore grinding section using the original lattice-type ball mill Φ3.2m × 4.5m and Φ2400mm sinking spiral classifier closed circuit composed of, in a period of grinding tests using a hydrocyclone place Φ500mm spiral classifier, The treatment capacity can be increased, but the electricity cost is 3.5 times higher than that of the classifier, and the production of the slurry leakage failure leads to a long parking time, so it is considered unreasonable.
The second-stage grinding is mostly composed of an overflow ball mill and a cyclone to form a closed circuit. Zhang Zhenping introduced the optimization of the application parameters of the large diameter Φ710mm cyclone in the second-stage grinding classification of Sanshandao Gold Mine.
(3) Fine sieve classification
     Fine sieving grading is a grading operation strictly according to the particle size and size. It can solve the problem that the large-density useful minerals in the hydraulic grading are easy to over-grind and the small-density gangue minerals are not dissociated.
Zhong Jun reported on the application of GPS1410-3 high frequency vibrating fine screen developed by Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. A magnet Panxi vanadium and titanium ore using high frequency vibrating GPS1410-3 fine screen to replace the original vortex sieve Sec grinding and classification, the amount of screening after transformation efficiency of 72.70% average, mass efficiency of 53.34%, Lu Kaigong Division Tangshan The MVS electromagnetic vibration high-frequency vibration mesh screen developed by the company is used in many iron ore mines. Zhao et al. [155] reported the application of HCZS-type laminated high-frequency vibrating fine screen developed by Hubei Xinying Company in molybdenum- tungsten beneficiation. Zhouzhong Tang et al U.S. Derrick introduces the use of high frequency vibration fine screen overlay cloud of tin oxide, tin datun. Wang Liansheng, who introduced the application and effectiveness of the United States Derrick high frequency vibration fine sieve at the Eagle's Nest iron ore beneficiation technology transformation in. The Derrick high-frequency fine screen is also applied well in the Yankou Iron Ore Concentrator, replacing the original three nylon screens and five high-frequency vibrating screens, reducing the cycle load of the mill and enabling the three-stage mill to be used. Effective play.
(4) Joint grading of multiple grading equipment
     The total iron grade of vanadium-titanium magnetite required by the reduced iron project cannot be lower than 56%. The concentrate grade of Xinjiang Puchang vanadium-titanium magnetite ore dressing plant has been 53%-55%. Liu Weilian and others have carried out concentrate re-grinding for this purpose. Re-election and process inspection work. According to the results of the process investigation, the problem was found and two technical reforms were proposed. The first one was to replace the hydrocyclone with a high-frequency fine sieve, and the result showed poor results. The second one was a hydrocyclone with high frequency. The sieve is used in combination to form a secondary classification, and finally forms a closed loop with the second-stage ball mill to achieve a stable production of the iron grade of not less than 56%, and provides a high-quality raw material for the reduced iron.
Most of the foreign use of classifiers is done by analog technology. D.Stefka et al. introduced the application of analog integrals in dynamic grading systems and the application of a new simulation method (ISFM) to grading combinations.

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