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Many types of insulating materials, can be divided into gas, liquid, solid three categories. Commonly used gas insulation materials are air, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride insulation PC film. Liquid insulating materials are mainly mineral insulating oil, synthetic insulating oil (silicone oil, dodecyl benzene, polyisobutylene, isopropyl biphenyl, diaryl ethane, etc.) two categories. Solid insulation materials can be divided into organic and inorganic two categories. Organic solid insulating materials, including insulating paint, insulating plastic, insulating paper, insulating fiber products, plastics, rubber, varnished paint and insulation impregnated fiber products, electrical film, composite products and tape, electrical laminates. Inorganic solid insulating materials are mica, glass, ceramics and their products. In contrast, a variety of solid insulating materials, but also the most important.
Different electrical equipment on the performance requirements of insulating materials have different emphases. High voltage electrical equipment such as high voltage motors, high voltage cables and other insulation materials require high breakdown strength and low dielectric loss. Low-voltage electrical appliances are based on mechanical strength, elongation at break, heat-resistant grade as the main requirements.
Macroscopic properties of insulating materials such as electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, weather resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties and its chemical composition, molecular structure and so on are closely related. Inorganic solid insulating material is mainly composed of silicon, boron and a variety of metal oxides, the ionic structure-based, the main features of high heat resistance, the working temperature is generally greater than 180 ℃, good stability, resistance to atmospheric aging resistance Chemical properties and long-term aging in the electric field under the good performance; but high brittleness, low impact strength, high pressure and low tensile strength; poor technology. Organic materials are generally polymers with an average molecular weight of between 104 and 106, which are generally less heat resistant than inorganic materials. Containing aromatic rings, heterocyclic and silicon, titanium, fluorine and other elements of the material's heat resistance is higher than the average linear polymer chain.
Important factors that affect the dielectric properties of insulating materials are the molecular polarity and the content of polar components. Polar materials, dielectric constant, dielectric loss are higher than non-polar materials, and easy to adsorb impurity ions to increase conductivity and reduce the dielectric properties. Therefore, in the insulating material manufacturing process should pay attention to clean, prevent pollution. The capacitor dielectric requires a high dielectric constant to improve its specific characteristics.
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