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The picture shows a total construction area of ​​more than 40 million square meters of Beijing UF Software Park. The park will heat pump technology, frequency conversion technology, summer ice storage, winter heat storage technology and underground soil heat transfer technology organic and reasonable combination as a whole. The whole system has a large scale of construction, comprehensiveness and advanced technical measures in China for the first time.
Recently, the society's concern about renewable energy is on the rise. For a time, solar power generation and wind power generation have become the vanguard of science and technology. Geothermal air-conditioning does not seem to grab any limelight. When reporters intend to re-look at the use of geothermal energy, I realized that in Beijing, ground source heat pump air conditioning has been widely used inadvertently.
The most effective air conditioning technology
The history of ground-source heat pumps can be traced back to a patent in Switzerland in 1912, whose commercial application was only over 20 years old. Although the history is not long, the promotion is very fast. At present, many developed countries, such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Sweden and other developed countries, make extensive use of ground source heat pump technology. This technology is recognized by many air conditioning experts as one of the most effective air conditioning technologies of this century.
In short, because the underground temperature in summer is lower than the ground temperature, the geothermal energy used by the ground-source heat pump is to remove the indoor heat through the medium of underground water (or underground pipe), and vice versa in winter so as to achieve the effect of cooling and heating. Ground-source heat pump system is through a small amount of power input to complete these tasks.
For example, drilling a pair of deep geothermal wells 2500 meters, a water, a recharge, the water temperature of 65 degrees Celsius, the water output of 50 cubic meters / hour. If direct heating, geothermal water temperature can only be reduced to 45 degrees Celsius, the use of temperature 20 degrees Celsius, heating area of ​​23,000 square meters. The use of heat recovery geothermal tail water heat, the temperature can be reduced to 20 degrees Celsius, and then expand the use of temperature 25 degrees Celsius, an increase of 29,000 square meters of heating area. The same pair of geothermal wells expanded 1.24 times the efficiency of heat source construction costs from 300 yuan / square meters down to less than 200 yuan / square meters, saving 40% of investment.
The industry believes that the rapid development of China's geothermal field in recent 5 years a considerable part of the reason lies in the ground source heat pump technology in the field of geothermal applications. As of the end of 2006, Beijing's buildings using shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling have reached 8 million square meters of floor space, including ordinary residential buildings, office buildings, schools, hotels, shopping malls, hospitals and factories, as well as Olympic venues, Olympic Village, Olympic Park, etc. have spent the heat of this clean energy. Completed in March this year, UF Software Park central air conditioning system (heating and air conditioning area of ​​160,000 square meters), but also the integrated use of ground source heat pump technology, frequency conversion technology, summer ice storage, winter heat storage technology and underground soil heat transfer Technology combined with the organic combination of energy systems.
Reporters learned from the 2006 Annual Report of China's State Intellectual Property Office that there has been a corresponding increase in patent applications and authorizations in the field of geothermal resources utilization in recent years. From 2000 to September 2006, there were 616 applications for inventions and utility models related to geothermal utilization in China, an annual growth rate of about 68%. From a statistical point of view, the use of geothermal energy at home and abroad mainly relates to the field of directly or indirectly utilizing geothermal energy, and the fastest growing area in these fields is the heat pump field that uses shallow geothermal heat exchangers for indirect heat exchange.
Energy saving and environmental protection obvious advantages
Zheng Ke, director of the Geothermal Professional Committee of China Energy Research Association, said that geothermal energy has become one of the fastest growing renewable energies in the world due to its high efficiency and low pollution, which is economically feasible and universally applicable.
First of all, from the point of view of operational efficiency, the high efficiency of heat pump units in the heating mode with the operating coefficient COP said that it is the output energy and input energy (electricity) ratio, the current heat pump unit COP generally can reach 3 to 4 . This means that the efficiency of the heat pump is 300% to 400%, while the efficiency of the air conditioner (air-air heat pump) is 200%, that of electricity is 100%, that of fuel is 90%, that of coal is 55% , So the efficiency of the heat pump is the highest.
Second, from an environmental point of view, heat pumps, as heating devices, can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 6% of the world's emissions and are one of the single technologies available on the market to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Although the heat pump itself does not emit carbon dioxide, 1/3 to 1/4 of the carbon dioxide emitted by the power plant is calculated on the heat pump account, so the heat pump has a small amount of carbon dioxide emissions but no other pollution.
Thirdly, from the standpoint of engineering difficulty, geothermal heat pumps use shallow geothermal energy only to drill holes between 50 meters and 100 meters in depth, some 200 meters may be needed in some places, but 1000 times more than geothermal wells To 3000 meters to the economy, much simpler. According to Beijing Huaqing Group, a specialist in geothermal utilization, technicians introduce that the ground surface in Beijing has a surface temperature of below 20 meters and a perennial temperature of about 15 degrees Celsius, making it an ideal heat source (heat sink).
Fourthly, from the operability point of view, the resource conditions of shallow geothermal energy are everywhere, not geographically restricted as geothermal wells. It is generally applicable to all parts of the world, even in the case of frigid zones. In addition, the heat exchange part of the ground-source heat pump is underground project, which can be divided into any available space around the buildings such as green space, yard and road, and does not occupy land resources.
Ground source heat pump students at any time
In 1997, Huaqing Group, with its geological exploration background, was founded. In 1999, the company entered the heat pump market. In the past 10 years, the company's performance has surpassed that of one year. At present, the largest geothermal heat pump comprehensive utilization project ---- Beijing Beiyuan Homeland 400,000 square meters of ground source heat pump heating project that is from Huaqing hand in Beijing, including the Olympic Park, Olympic Village, dozens of heat pump air-conditioning systems are Huaqing Group projects.
The development of Huaqing Group reflects the industrial environment of the whole ground source heat pump. In the eyes of Zheng Ke, the current development of ground source heat pump in our country is very bright.
According to the current state of energy supply, energy saving is the highlight of all practical technologies, and ground-source heat pump technology has exactly this advantage. Li Wenwei, chief engineer of Huaqing Group, took a guest house in Beijing as an example to introduce the energy saving advantages of the ground source heat pump. The guest house has a floor area of ​​25,000 square meters. Huaqing provides ground-source heat pump solutions for heating, cooling and 24-hour domestic hot water for this three-star guest house. After several years of testing, this guest house Winter heating and hot water supply operating costs is 13.52 yuan / square meter, the cost of summer is 14.82 yuan / square meter, the cost is mainly electricity.
Our country has quite a wealth of shallow geothermal energy resources. Its location is mainly in temperate zone, and it is enough for us to use the depth of 100m to 200m, regardless of the temperature in shallow groundwater or soil. Norway, which is located in the frigid zone, drilled the hot borehole to a depth of 400 meters in order to utilize the heat pump. Another example is Sweden. Sweden has abundant seawater resources. Water-based heat pump air-conditioners have achieved unprecedented growth in Sweden in recent years, making their direct use of geothermal energy the 10th largest by the world rankings in 2000 and the second by 2005 .
According to Zheng Ke, we have mastered the relevant technologies of ground-source heat pumps. Although the key components of heat pumps currently depend mainly on the import of high-pressure compressors, our country already has a domestic heat pump factory with large, medium and small-sized products, Design and installation, but also has the national standard GB50366-2005. These are conducive to standardize the market, is conducive to the development of ground source heat pump technology base.
The support from government departments played an active role in heat pump technology market. According to Huaqing Group stakeholders, the development of Huaqing in recent years and the Beijing Municipal Government related industrial policy has a very big relationship. Beijing Municipality promulgated the guidance on the development of the heat pump market in June last year with the purpose of encouraging, guiding and regulating the orderly development of the heat pump system. Beijing municipal government on the ground source heat pump project there are some subsidies. In Beijing's "Eleventh Five-year Plan", the proportion of renewable energy in the city's energy needs to increase from the current 1% to 4%. How to achieve this goal? Given the natural conditions in Beijing, geothermal energy utilization is highly anticipated by all parties.
The Renewable Energy Law has been promulgated and implemented in more than one year. Relevant encouragement policies have been promulgated one after another. The utilization of geothermal energy is not only universal but also supported by related technologies such as heat pumps. More importantly, cities such as Beijing and Tianjin Demonstration project. Geothermal energy, we look forward to.