Biodiesel is expected to reach the "National IV Standard"

According to the regulations, the fourth-phase motor vehicle emission standards announced by the state (hereinafter referred to as the "National Four Standards") will be implemented nationwide at the latest in 2011. The "National IV Standard" is equivalent to the "Euro IV Standard" in Europe. Compared with the "National Three Standards", the emission control of motor vehicles is more stringent and needs to be further reduced by 30% on the basis of meeting the "National Three Standards". - 50% of pollutants.

In China's current automotive market, because diesel engines are 30% more fuel efficient than gasoline engines and CO2 emissions are 30%-45% lower, dieselization has become an important development direction in the future. However, former Deputy Director Luo Yi of the Department of Science and Technology Standards Division of the Ministry of Environmental Protection pointed out in the report titled “Environmental Protection Strategies and Measures for Developing China’s Energy-saving and Emission-reducing Cars”: “The pollution problem of diesel vehicles is still the main cause of urban air pollution. One of them: Clean high-tech diesel cars require the supply of high-quality ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel.” It is generally believed that there are two technical routes for Dao IV emissions from diesel vehicles: one is the particulate filter (DPF), and the other is the adoption of NOx reduction catalyst (SCR). In short, no matter which way you have to install a post-processing system.

However, at the recent Tsinghua-Cummins Technical Forum, the latest research results of biodiesel announced by Professor Wang Jianwei, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy at Tsinghua University, showed that biodiesel not only has alternative petroleum-based energy sources. The role of biodiesel can be properly blended with other fuels. By using a fuel redesign method, it is possible to achieve diesel emissions directly to the National IV or Euro IV standards without the use of post-processing technologies.

Biodiesel based fuel design

Those who engage in engines have historically designed and optimized the combustion characteristics of diesel engines based on the existing characteristics of diesel engines. “So, can it be reversed and redesign fuel according to the low-emission combustion requirements of diesel engines?” Along this line of thought, Wang Jian Professor Yan led his team to design a new fuel program: biodiesel accounted for 50%, diesel 35%, and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) accounted for 15%. They used this kind of biomass oxygen-containing mixed fuel on the diesel engine of Cummins Company without any post-processing system. In July 2008, they successfully passed the official testing of the National IV standard and applied for a national invention patent.

But why do you add other fuels such as DMC? Compared with gasoline vehicles, diesel cars emit more particulate matter. Due to its characteristics of oxygen, low aromatics, high cetane number, and low sulfur, biodiesel produces less particulate matter than conventional diesel. However, if it is required to drastically reduce particulate emissions, the oxygen content of the fuel must be increased. Biodiesel alone is not enough, so it is necessary to add high oxygen content components. "The most ideal is DMC, because its oxygen content and cetane number are higher than ethanol, but if you take into account the status of resource supply, ethanol is also possible." Professor Wang Jianwei said.

Reduced emissions within the engine

However, high oxygen content is a double-edged sword. Biodiesel may increase nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 10% to 20% while reducing particulate emissions. The increase in biodiesel varies with the raw materials used in biodiesel. There are differences. In the mixed biodiesel, high oxygen content is added, and the probability of NOx generation is even higher.

At the forum, Ren Hongyan, deputy director of the Department of Atmospheric and Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, revealed that the current air index evaluation system will change, and NOx may become the second pollutant after sulfur dioxide. Therefore, the generation of large amounts of NOx directly affects the realization of the “National 4 Standards”, and it will also greatly reduce the emission reduction value of newly-designed fuel solutions, thus paying a high price for environmental protection.

Professor Wang Jianxuan is not worried about this. “In fact, this problem is not difficult to solve. We are confident that the entire emission reduction process will be implemented in the engine and that the technology adopted is the most economical.” Because of this biodiesel-based blending Fuel is different from ordinary diesel fuel. When using a large number of exhaust gas recirculation technologies to reduce NOx, particulate matter will not increase significantly. Therefore, it is not necessary to use any post-treatment technology to make emissions reach the “National 4 standard”, which is a more economical emission control technology for diesel vehicles. route.

Diversification of raw materials enhances risk resistance

It is worth noting that 35% of the diesel in the new program put together traditional diesel and biodiesel at a definite ratio. Wang Jianyi explained that this is mainly because traditional diesel is relatively easy to obtain, and the difference in calorific value between biodiesel and conventional diesel can be reduced and the viscosity of biodiesel can be reduced.

The significance is not limited to this. The addition of traditional diesel will better promote the realization of biodiesel industrialization. In the process of industrialization of biodiesel, price changes have always been a sensitive factor.

With the rise of international oil prices, biodiesel has won the favor of the society with its price and environmental advantages. In addition to the three major oil companies, private companies and foreign companies have also joined the ranks of biodiesel production. However, this situation reversed in the second half of last year. The international oil price dropped from US$147 to US$40 per barrel. The situation of domestic diesel supply was immediately eased, and biodiesel could not be sold due to cost reductions, leading to problems in sales. “The two sides attacked each other and caused negative profits for enterprises and they can only stop production and wait for opportunities,” said a veteran of a biodiesel company in Quanzhou. The raw material prices for waste oil, waste oil, and other raw materials went up in 2008, rising from 2,600 yuan/ton in 2004. At the peak of 5,500 yuan per ton in 2008, "the cost of raw materials is close to that of finished products, that is, the use of labor costs is not considered, and sales profits are also negative, and many companies have thus ceased production or even closed down." Although the current situation has improved, there is a risk that this price will change.

However, if traditional diesel is added, biodiesel will have a space to cope with the rise and fall of international oil prices, and the price can be fluctuating along with changes in international oil prices. This will, to a certain extent, enhance the anti-risk ability of biodiesel in terms of price. At the same time, adding 35% of conventional diesel can also increase the total supply of biodiesel and expand its scope of use. This is undoubtedly beneficial to the successful realization of biodiesel industrialization.

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