Stone mining methods are divided into five categories

Different mining processes and methods have been formed due to different conditions such as deposit geology, stone types and mechanization degree of the mine. Stone mining has its own characteristics. Here, the main process of mining---the method of separating stone from the ore body is the main basis, and the mining methods of stone deposits are divided into five categories.

(1) Rock drilling and splitting mining method The method of splitting the ore body from the original rock by simple tools or machinery becomes splitting mining. There are two main methods: artificial splitting mining method; hydraulic splitting machine mining method.

(2) Rock drilling and burst mining method Using the principle of controlled blasting, using different drugs and ignition methods to separate the stone from the ore body. The biggest feature is that the stone material separated from the ore body does not produce explosion rupture gap, and the material yield rate is not reduced by blasting. Mining drilling and blasting method has the following four: black powder burst mining method; metallic combustible fuel burst mining method; burst mining method detonating cord; static (silent) burst mining method.

(3) The mechanical sawing mining method is mainly based on the sawing machine, supplemented by the mining method of other special mining machines. According to the type and technical performance of the sawing machine, sawing mining can be divided into the following four types: wire rope sawing machine mining method; diamond bead saw machine mining method; chain arm type sawing machine mining method; disc type sawing machine mining law.

(4) Jet mining method The jet mining method is a mining method that uses heat or water to cut. It is a new technology that uses flame cutting machine or water jet cutting machine for mining. It can be divided into the following two methods: flame cutting mining method and high pressure water jet mining method.

(5) The combined mining method uses two or more mining methods to jointly complete the separation operation called joint mining. In the mining of stone deposits, there is less separation process using only one method, and the joint mining method is generally adopted. For the same ore body, the lithology of different sections is also different. Even in the same section, the mining method is different because of the different separation points. For example, a flame cutter can only be used for vertical cutting, and it cannot be used for horizontal separation and cutting. There are a variety of joint methods for joint mining, depending on the specific conditions of the mine. There are mainly the following methods: wire rope sawing machine combined with rock drilling and splitting; wire rope sawing machine combined with rock bursting; diamond bead saw and chain arm type sawing machine combined mining; flame cutting machine (such as water jet cutting machine) Combined mining with rock drilling and splitting.

Hydraulic splitting machine splitting rock is a new type of blasting demolition method. It is widely used to mine precious stone such as marble, granite and jade , as well as demolishing all kinds of concrete roads, foundations, bridges and port terminals. The splitting machine is split and formed into a material, which is characterized by safety, fast speed and adjustable oil pressure. Its power is only 4 kW, the single machine splitting force can reach 400-500T, and one machine can carry multiple guns. It can accurately determine the direction of splitting, the shape of the split and the required size. The splitting precision is high, and it takes a few seconds. The cleaving process can be completed, and continuous and uninterrupted work, high efficiency, low operating and maintenance costs.

The splitter can operate controllably in a static hydraulic environment, independent of temperature and site constraints, without the need for time-consuming, complex and expensive safety measures like blasting machines and other impact blasting operations. When working, there will be no vibration, shock, noise, dust, flying debris, etc., and the surrounding environment will not be affected. Even in densely populated areas or indoors, as well as precision equipment, it can work without interference. The hydraulic splitting machine has doubled the rate of finished products, and has the characteristics of safety, environmental protection, economy, precision and flexibility. It is an ideal product that can replace the explosive and manual disintegration of the small area of ​​rock secondary decomposition.

The hydraulic splitting machine is light in weight and only weighs 27kg. It is easy to move. The whole set of equipment can be used by one operator alone. The employees can operate independently after a short training period. The splitting machine is most suitable for the separation of hard brittle rocks and is especially suitable for granite. The splitting machine is extremely strong and durable, requires almost no maintenance, has a long service life and high work efficiency; the power is only 2.2kW, the splitting operation is completed in a few seconds, energy saving and low cost of use; diesel, gasoline and compressed air can be used as driving power. Can be applied to more complex environments. The equipment can replace the original heavy labor, blasting and chopping, avoiding the damage of the blasting to the blocks, improving the block rate and the quality of the block, reducing the labor intensity of the workers, and greatly improving the labor productivity of the mine.

Whether the mining method is correct or not will determine whether the mine production can proceed smoothly and the production cost is high, which directly affects the quality of the blocks and the economic benefits of the mine. The mining method should be based on the geological conditions of the deposit, the specifications of the blocks, the variety, the scale of mining, and the natural conditions.

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