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Situation Description: On May 28 this year, the main responsible comrades of the Anhui Provincial Government listed the mechanized drying of grain as one of the research priorities when investigating the “three summers†work along Huai'e County. In the county Limin Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative, he is highly concerned about the use and service of drying machinery, and requires the improvement of the drying service system. According to the investigation, the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department of Anhui Province arranged for the Agricultural Machinery Management Department to quickly find out the development of grain mechanization and drying in the province and report it to the provincial party committee and the provincial government. The following is the main content of this material.
Investigation and Development Suggestions on Grain Mechanization and Drying in Anhui Province
“Timely drying and safe warehousing†is a key link after the whole process of mechanization of grain production to solve the problem of ploughing and cultivating. At the same time, effective drying treatment is of great significance for the harvest of grain, improving production efficiency and improving processing quality. In recent years, the development of mechanized drying in Anhui Province is strong. At present, the province's dryers have a capacity of 13,800 units and a drying capacity of 552,000 tons, ranking second in the country and second in Jiangsu. Recently, the organization of the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department of Anhui Province carried out a survey on the status quo of grain drying mechanization. The relevant situation is as follows:
First, the main features of the development of grain mechanization drying in Anhui Province
1. Demand for grain drying is strong and the number of dryers is increasing rapidly. Anhui Province began to promote grain dryers in the 1990s. In 2006, the dryer was included in the catalogue of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to purchase, and with the expansion of agricultural production and operation scale, as well as the improvement of mechanized harvesting level and harvesting period, people's requirements for food quality increased, and grain mechanization The demand for dryness is growing stronger. After 2011, the number of dryers will increase by more than 1,000 per year. The average annual growth in 2016 and 2017 will exceed 3,000. Under normal weather conditions, the problem of insufficient drying can be basically solved, but when it is exposed to rainy weather, the drying capacity cannot meet the demand.
2. The dryer area is unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in rice and wheat producing areas. Among the demand for the development of mechanized drying, climatic conditions are currently the main factors. In the rice and wheat producing areas of Anhui Province, the probability of rainy weather during harvest is large, the investment recovery period of grain drying equipment is short, and the enthusiasm for promotion and application is relatively high. According to statistics, the top five dryers in the province in 2018 are: 1889 in Lu'an, 1599 in Luzhou, 1556 in Wuhu, 1427 in Handan, and 1409 in Hefei; The position is: 34 in Huaibei City, 70 in Huangshan City, 166 in Suzhou City, 183 in Chenzhou City and 358 in Fuyang City. The mechanized drying of grain in Anhui Province shows a trend of rapid growth in demand along the Yangtze River and along the Huaihe rice-growing area.
3. The purchasing group is mainly cooperatives, large grain growers, large processing households, and dryers with a batch capacity of 10-30 tons are popular. From the perspective of the purchasing group, cooperatives, large grain growers, and large grain processing households are the mainstays of purchasing dryers. The purpose of purchase is self-use and socialized services. According to statistics, in 2020, the province subsidized 545 batches of 10-20 tons of circulating grain dryers, 413 batches of 20-30 tons of circulating grain dryers, and batch batches of 30 tons and above. There are 366 dryers, 16 batches of 4-10 tons of circulating grain dryers, and 28 batches of continuous grain dryers with a throughput of 100 tons and above. Among them, dryers with a batch capacity of 10-30 tons accounted for more than 70%, * welcomed by Anhui users. The field investigation found that mechanized drying showed a trend of specialization. Some large-scale landlords and large orders entered the group and began to choose to purchase batches of 15-30 tons of dryers, and to operate 10,000 acres of drying units. Up to 10 or more. For example, Li Houlin, a farmer from Xihu Township, Huoqiu County, has purchased 44 units. This year, 22 batches of dryers with a batch capacity of 30 tons were also booked.
4. The production enterprises of dryers in the province have sprung up everywhere and occupy the bulk of the national market. In recent years, the dryer production enterprises in Anhui Province have sprung up, occupying nearly 60% of the national market share. At present, there are 57 dryer production enterprises in the province. The top 4 according to the output are Zhonglian, Zhengyang, Jinxi and Chenyu. Their products cover the grain-producing areas of the country and are exported to many countries, among which Chenyu exports* . Lu'an City has pushed the development of the dryer industry in recent years. The city has 10 dryer production enterprises, and nearly 4,000 dryers were produced in 2018, accounting for nearly 1/2 of the province's output. In the 2018 Bulletin on the Quality Survey of Grain Dryers in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the quality of dryers produced by Chenyu and Zhengyang in Lu'an City were ranked second and fourth respectively. Agricultural machinery purchase subsidies are the main driving force for the development of mechanical drying in Anhui in recent years. According to statistics, in 2018, the province subsidized 1368 sets of various grain drying machines, 38 provincial enterprises applied for subsidies, subsidized 1176 sets of machines, accounting for 85.96% of the total subsidies for grain drying machinery; the use of subsidy funds was 46.342 million. Yuan, accounting for 82.29% of the total subsidy funds for grain drying machinery. The dryer produced by the enterprises in the province is the main force of the mechanical drying operation in Anhui Province.
Second, the existing problems
1. The land for drying equipment is difficult to solve. The grain drying facilities occupy a large area, and a group of dryers (according to 3 sets) need to occupy an area of ​​about 1000 square meters. Although the relevant documents incorporate the drying machinery land into the agricultural facilities land, the conversion procedures are complicated, which makes it difficult to implement the land for grain drying machinery and facilities. In particular, some farmers who do not engage in large-scale grain production and provide only grain drying services are not allowed to obtain facilities for agricultural land in accordance with regulations. Land use is difficult to become the first difficulty to restrict the development of drying mechanization.
2. Environmental protection requirements increase the drying cost. Due to the low cost of coal combustion, in the past, most of the heat sources used in dryers were mainly coal-fired. With the increase in environmental protection requirements, coal burning is prohibited in many areas, and the cost of use has increased significantly. First, equipment purchased previously needs to be modified or purchased; second, equipment manufacturing and installation costs are increased according to environmental protection; third, energy sources such as natural gas, electricity and biomass that meet environmental requirements are high, and natural gas and electricity are needed. High opening fee. These costs make the dryer user unbearable.
3. One-time investment is high. The grain drying operation has a high investment in one time, not only to purchase drying equipment, but also related auxiliary facilities. According to estimates, the construction of a medium-sized grain drying center requires about 2 million yuan, including the purchase of 700,000 yuan of drying machinery (a financial subsidy of not more than 30%), and the construction of drying facilities of 1.3 million yuan (including civil works). Facilities, storage sheds, burning furnaces, grain unloading facilities, etc.). The purchasing power of cooperatives and large grain growers is limited, and it is difficult to invest in building a drying center.
4. The fall in food prices affects purchasing power. Since 2017, the price of food has fallen sharply, and some grain-growing households and grain drying centers built by food cooperatives have experienced large-scale losses. In this respect, other prospective customers can eliminate the purchase idea and take a wait-and-see attitude. On the other hand, the old customers who are preparing to expand are also discouraged. If the food price continues to be sluggish, it may cause the overall sales of the dryer industry to decline.
5. The vicious competition in the dryer market is serious. Because the profit of the dryer is considerable, the manufacturing technology is not difficult, and the entry threshold is not high, which causes the production enterprises to rush to copy and copy each other. The quality of some enterprises is not good, the machine has low service life and uneven drying. At the same time, there are vicious competitions between enterprises, especially price wars. When bidding for government projects, winning bids at low prices has affected the healthy development of the entire industry.
Third, several suggestions
From the perspective of resisting natural risks and ensuring food security, it is necessary for both the market and the government to exert efforts to comprehensively improve the drying coverage capacity of the main grain producing areas in Anhui to ensure emergency drying in the face of sudden abnormal weather. It is recommended to strengthen policy creation and overall planning, solve outstanding problems in the development of grain drying mechanization, and consolidate and improve the comprehensive production capacity of grain.
1. Incorporate drying capacity building into the emergency management system. Give full play to the strategic reserve role of drying machinery, and explore the government procurement service and emergency compensation mechanism for grain machine drying operations in disaster weather. It is suggested that according to the area of ​​grain planting and the needs of farmers, the radius of grain drying service should be reasonably planned, and the drying of the production area should be advocated to prevent rushing.
2. Guarantee the construction land for grain drying machinery and equipment. It is recommended that the land and resources department implement relevant policies on agricultural land, incorporate land for grain drying machinery and equipment into the scope of agricultural land for facilities, and speed up the progress of examination and approval. At the same time, actively revitalize the agricultural stock of land, make full use of abandoned schools, township enterprises, office space, etc. for the construction of drying centers.
3. Support the transformation and upgrading of dryer production enterprises. Relying on Anhui's first-mover advantage in the dryer industry, optimize the layout of the dryer equipment industry structure, integrate resources, build regional industrial parks, and build a drying machinery industry cluster. Financial support is provided to qualified manufacturing companies.
4. Subsidies are provided for the construction of the drying center. Support the development of grain drying services to specialization, and encourage provincial and local governments to superimpose subsidies for the dryers purchased by the construction drying service center, and implement subsidies for drying supporting facilities and plant construction.
5. The introduction of policies encourages the use of environmentally friendly energy. Subsidize the environmental protection, energy-saving upgrade and transformation of existing grain drying equipment, and provide relevant fee reduction and support for users who switch to green energy.
6. Piloting financial loans for grain drying machinery. Financial institutions shall adopt loans such as dryer mortgage, farmer joint insurance or pledge to meet the requirements of qualified farmers and new agricultural organizations to solve the problem of financing difficulties for purchasers.
Investigation and Development Suggestions on Grain Mechanization and Drying in Anhui Province
“Timely drying and safe warehousing†is a key link after the whole process of mechanization of grain production to solve the problem of ploughing and cultivating. At the same time, effective drying treatment is of great significance for the harvest of grain, improving production efficiency and improving processing quality. In recent years, the development of mechanized drying in Anhui Province is strong. At present, the province's dryers have a capacity of 13,800 units and a drying capacity of 552,000 tons, ranking second in the country and second in Jiangsu. Recently, the organization of the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department of Anhui Province carried out a survey on the status quo of grain drying mechanization. The relevant situation is as follows:
First, the main features of the development of grain mechanization drying in Anhui Province
1. Demand for grain drying is strong and the number of dryers is increasing rapidly. Anhui Province began to promote grain dryers in the 1990s. In 2006, the dryer was included in the catalogue of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to purchase, and with the expansion of agricultural production and operation scale, as well as the improvement of mechanized harvesting level and harvesting period, people's requirements for food quality increased, and grain mechanization The demand for dryness is growing stronger. After 2011, the number of dryers will increase by more than 1,000 per year. The average annual growth in 2016 and 2017 will exceed 3,000. Under normal weather conditions, the problem of insufficient drying can be basically solved, but when it is exposed to rainy weather, the drying capacity cannot meet the demand.
2. The dryer area is unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in rice and wheat producing areas. Among the demand for the development of mechanized drying, climatic conditions are currently the main factors. In the rice and wheat producing areas of Anhui Province, the probability of rainy weather during harvest is large, the investment recovery period of grain drying equipment is short, and the enthusiasm for promotion and application is relatively high. According to statistics, the top five dryers in the province in 2018 are: 1889 in Lu'an, 1599 in Luzhou, 1556 in Wuhu, 1427 in Handan, and 1409 in Hefei; The position is: 34 in Huaibei City, 70 in Huangshan City, 166 in Suzhou City, 183 in Chenzhou City and 358 in Fuyang City. The mechanized drying of grain in Anhui Province shows a trend of rapid growth in demand along the Yangtze River and along the Huaihe rice-growing area.
3. The purchasing group is mainly cooperatives, large grain growers, large processing households, and dryers with a batch capacity of 10-30 tons are popular. From the perspective of the purchasing group, cooperatives, large grain growers, and large grain processing households are the mainstays of purchasing dryers. The purpose of purchase is self-use and socialized services. According to statistics, in 2020, the province subsidized 545 batches of 10-20 tons of circulating grain dryers, 413 batches of 20-30 tons of circulating grain dryers, and batch batches of 30 tons and above. There are 366 dryers, 16 batches of 4-10 tons of circulating grain dryers, and 28 batches of continuous grain dryers with a throughput of 100 tons and above. Among them, dryers with a batch capacity of 10-30 tons accounted for more than 70%, * welcomed by Anhui users. The field investigation found that mechanized drying showed a trend of specialization. Some large-scale landlords and large orders entered the group and began to choose to purchase batches of 15-30 tons of dryers, and to operate 10,000 acres of drying units. Up to 10 or more. For example, Li Houlin, a farmer from Xihu Township, Huoqiu County, has purchased 44 units. This year, 22 batches of dryers with a batch capacity of 30 tons were also booked.
4. The production enterprises of dryers in the province have sprung up everywhere and occupy the bulk of the national market. In recent years, the dryer production enterprises in Anhui Province have sprung up, occupying nearly 60% of the national market share. At present, there are 57 dryer production enterprises in the province. The top 4 according to the output are Zhonglian, Zhengyang, Jinxi and Chenyu. Their products cover the grain-producing areas of the country and are exported to many countries, among which Chenyu exports* . Lu'an City has pushed the development of the dryer industry in recent years. The city has 10 dryer production enterprises, and nearly 4,000 dryers were produced in 2018, accounting for nearly 1/2 of the province's output. In the 2018 Bulletin on the Quality Survey of Grain Dryers in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the quality of dryers produced by Chenyu and Zhengyang in Lu'an City were ranked second and fourth respectively. Agricultural machinery purchase subsidies are the main driving force for the development of mechanical drying in Anhui in recent years. According to statistics, in 2018, the province subsidized 1368 sets of various grain drying machines, 38 provincial enterprises applied for subsidies, subsidized 1176 sets of machines, accounting for 85.96% of the total subsidies for grain drying machinery; the use of subsidy funds was 46.342 million. Yuan, accounting for 82.29% of the total subsidy funds for grain drying machinery. The dryer produced by the enterprises in the province is the main force of the mechanical drying operation in Anhui Province.
Second, the existing problems
1. The land for drying equipment is difficult to solve. The grain drying facilities occupy a large area, and a group of dryers (according to 3 sets) need to occupy an area of ​​about 1000 square meters. Although the relevant documents incorporate the drying machinery land into the agricultural facilities land, the conversion procedures are complicated, which makes it difficult to implement the land for grain drying machinery and facilities. In particular, some farmers who do not engage in large-scale grain production and provide only grain drying services are not allowed to obtain facilities for agricultural land in accordance with regulations. Land use is difficult to become the first difficulty to restrict the development of drying mechanization.
2. Environmental protection requirements increase the drying cost. Due to the low cost of coal combustion, in the past, most of the heat sources used in dryers were mainly coal-fired. With the increase in environmental protection requirements, coal burning is prohibited in many areas, and the cost of use has increased significantly. First, equipment purchased previously needs to be modified or purchased; second, equipment manufacturing and installation costs are increased according to environmental protection; third, energy sources such as natural gas, electricity and biomass that meet environmental requirements are high, and natural gas and electricity are needed. High opening fee. These costs make the dryer user unbearable.
3. One-time investment is high. The grain drying operation has a high investment in one time, not only to purchase drying equipment, but also related auxiliary facilities. According to estimates, the construction of a medium-sized grain drying center requires about 2 million yuan, including the purchase of 700,000 yuan of drying machinery (a financial subsidy of not more than 30%), and the construction of drying facilities of 1.3 million yuan (including civil works). Facilities, storage sheds, burning furnaces, grain unloading facilities, etc.). The purchasing power of cooperatives and large grain growers is limited, and it is difficult to invest in building a drying center.
4. The fall in food prices affects purchasing power. Since 2017, the price of food has fallen sharply, and some grain-growing households and grain drying centers built by food cooperatives have experienced large-scale losses. In this respect, other prospective customers can eliminate the purchase idea and take a wait-and-see attitude. On the other hand, the old customers who are preparing to expand are also discouraged. If the food price continues to be sluggish, it may cause the overall sales of the dryer industry to decline.
5. The vicious competition in the dryer market is serious. Because the profit of the dryer is considerable, the manufacturing technology is not difficult, and the entry threshold is not high, which causes the production enterprises to rush to copy and copy each other. The quality of some enterprises is not good, the machine has low service life and uneven drying. At the same time, there are vicious competitions between enterprises, especially price wars. When bidding for government projects, winning bids at low prices has affected the healthy development of the entire industry.
Third, several suggestions
From the perspective of resisting natural risks and ensuring food security, it is necessary for both the market and the government to exert efforts to comprehensively improve the drying coverage capacity of the main grain producing areas in Anhui to ensure emergency drying in the face of sudden abnormal weather. It is recommended to strengthen policy creation and overall planning, solve outstanding problems in the development of grain drying mechanization, and consolidate and improve the comprehensive production capacity of grain.
1. Incorporate drying capacity building into the emergency management system. Give full play to the strategic reserve role of drying machinery, and explore the government procurement service and emergency compensation mechanism for grain machine drying operations in disaster weather. It is suggested that according to the area of ​​grain planting and the needs of farmers, the radius of grain drying service should be reasonably planned, and the drying of the production area should be advocated to prevent rushing.
2. Guarantee the construction land for grain drying machinery and equipment. It is recommended that the land and resources department implement relevant policies on agricultural land, incorporate land for grain drying machinery and equipment into the scope of agricultural land for facilities, and speed up the progress of examination and approval. At the same time, actively revitalize the agricultural stock of land, make full use of abandoned schools, township enterprises, office space, etc. for the construction of drying centers.
3. Support the transformation and upgrading of dryer production enterprises. Relying on Anhui's first-mover advantage in the dryer industry, optimize the layout of the dryer equipment industry structure, integrate resources, build regional industrial parks, and build a drying machinery industry cluster. Financial support is provided to qualified manufacturing companies.
4. Subsidies are provided for the construction of the drying center. Support the development of grain drying services to specialization, and encourage provincial and local governments to superimpose subsidies for the dryers purchased by the construction drying service center, and implement subsidies for drying supporting facilities and plant construction.
5. The introduction of policies encourages the use of environmentally friendly energy. Subsidize the environmental protection, energy-saving upgrade and transformation of existing grain drying equipment, and provide relevant fee reduction and support for users who switch to green energy.
6. Piloting financial loans for grain drying machinery. Financial institutions shall adopt loans such as dryer mortgage, farmer joint insurance or pledge to meet the requirements of qualified farmers and new agricultural organizations to solve the problem of financing difficulties for purchasers.
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