According to foreign media reports, scientists at the University of Cambridge described the design of lithium-sulfur batteries in a recent paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials. The battery is inspired by the human intestinal mucosa, which can store up to five times as much as conventional lithium-ion batteries.
In a conventional lithium battery, charged lithium ions move between the anode, the electrolyte, and the cathode. The crystal structure of the electrode will usually determine how much energy is stored in the battery. Lithium-ion batteries use carbon electrodes that carry only six lithium ions, limiting energy storage.
The reaction of lithium and sulfur is different. Through the so-called "multi-electron transmission structure", in theory, the storage capacity of sulfur is much higher than that of lithium ions. However, as the battery discharges, lithium and sulfur react, and sulfur forms polysulfide and enters the electrolyte, resulting in loss of active material in the battery.
A new design by researchers at the University of Cambridge has grown a layer of zinc oxide nanowires on the exterior of the carbon electrode. The final structure is similar to human intestinal villi and can capture polysulfides. This will ensure the electrochemical properties of the material for reuse.
However, such batteries also have their own limitations, such as the number of times of charging does not reach the level of lithium batteries. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have a higher energy density and can be used for longer periods of time.
Currently, this design is still in the proof of concept stage. If it can be used commercially, it will bring a new generation of high-capacity batteries.
Dr. Paul Coxon, a professor of materials science and metallurgy at the University of Cambridge and co-author of the paper, said: "We are all connected to our own electronic devices. Ultimately, we are trying to make these devices work better, let us Life is getting better."
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